Cell types that make up each tissue and function of each cell type in monocot leaf and they develop in which primary meristem
Monocot leaves are composed of different types of cells that have specific functions. These cells are derived from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the leaf primordia that are initiated by the SAM. The primary meristem that gives rise to these cells is the protoderm, which forms the epidermis, the ground meristem, which forms the ground tissue, and the procambium, which forms the vascular tissue.
The different types of cells that make up the monocot leaf and their functions are described below:
1. Epidermal cells - These are the outermost cells that cover the surface of the leaf, and they are responsible for protecting the internal tissues from desiccation and pathogens. They secrete a waxy cuticle that inhibits water loss through the leaf surface.
2. Guard cells - These are specialized epidermal cells that are responsible for controlling the opening and closing of stomata, which are small pores on the leaf surface that enable gas exchange.
3. Palisade mesophyll cells - These are elongated cells located beneath the upper epidermis and are responsible for photosynthesis. They contain a high number of chloroplasts, which trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy.
4. Spongy mesophyll cells - These are loosely-packed cells located beneath the palisade mesophyll cells and are involved in gas exchange and storage of metabolites. They have large intercellular spaces that facilitate diffusion of gases and water.
5. Bundle sheath cells - These are specialized cells that surround the vascular bundles and provide support and protection to the vascular tissue. They are also involved in photosynthesis, and they maintain high concentrations of CO2 in the vicinity of the chloroplasts, which enhances the efficiency of photosynthesis.
6. Vascular tissue cells - The vascular tissue is composed of xylem and phloem that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem cells are responsible for water transport, while phloem cells are responsible for nutrient transport.
In summary, monocot leaves are composed of epidermal cells, guard cells, palisade mesophyll cells, spongy mesophyll cells, bundle sheath cells, and vascular tissue cells, which are derived from the SAM and the primary meristems. Each cell type has a specific function that contributes to the overall function of the leaf, which is to produce and store energy through photosynthesis.