A. How can a speaker show a compare-and-contrast relationship between ideas?

1. Organize ideas in the order they happened.
2. Identify a problem and present ideas on how to solve it.
3. Discuss the similarities and differences between ideas.
4. Show how an idea occurred and what results it had.

B. How can a speaker show a cause-and-effect relationship between events or ideas?
1. Discuss similarities and differences between events.
2. List events in the order they occurred.
3. Show what brought about an event and what results it had.
4. Identify a problem related to the event and ways to solve it.

5. Use transitional phrases such as "as a result," "therefore," or "because" to connect the cause and effect.