what were the main principles of each civilization's government in Ancient Rome
and Ancient Greece?
Ancient Rome:
1. Republican form of government with two consuls elected for a term of one year
2. Roman Senate was the most powerful legislative body comprising of patricians (wealthy landowners)
3. Magistrates were responsible for enforcing laws and maintaining order
4. Roman law was based on the principle of "innocent until proven guilty"
5. Emperors had absolute power towards the end of the Roman Empire
Ancient Greece:
1. City-states operated as independent entities with their own governments, legislatures, and armies
2. Athens had a direct democracy where citizens voted on laws and policies
3. Sparta was ruled by two kings and a council of elders with a mixed government of monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy.
4. Laws were based on a sense of moral duty and the common good, rather than individual rights
5. The concept of citizenship was restricted to free male adult landowners.