Tooth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that dissolve the hard enamel and dentin layers of the teeth. The bacteria thrive on food particles that are left on or between teeth that are not brushed or flossed away. The acids produced by the bacteria cause cavities or holes in the teeth which, if left untreated, can lead to infections and other complications. Factors that can contribute to tooth decay include poor oral hygiene, a diet high in sugar and carbohydrates, dry mouth, and a lack of fluoride.
