what is a fief
The main effects of agricultural improvements on Europe were:
1. Population increased: By providing more food, agricultural improvements led to population growth.
2. Increase in trade and industry: The surplus food production led to the growth of merchants, new industries, and trades.
3. More people moved to rural areas to farm: The increased efficiency of agriculture led to more people moving into rural areas to take advantage of newly-created opportunities.
These were the most significant effects of agricultural improvements that reshaped the economic and social landscape of medieval Europe.
A fief was a piece of land granted to a vassal by a lord or king in exchange for the vassal’s loyalty, military service, and support. The vassal could operate the land and collect revenue from it, but ultimately, the land belonged to the lord or king. The system of fiefs was a key feature of medieval feudalism.
what is a serf
A serf was a member of a peasant class who lived under feudalism in medieval Europe. They were bound to the land and their lord and were not allowed to leave without permission. Serfs were not slaves, but their freedom was severely restricted. They were required to work on their lord's land and give a portion of their crops or produce to their lord as rent. Serfs were not allowed to own property or marry without their lord's permission. The lord was responsible for protecting the serfs from outside attacks, and in exchange, the serfs were obligated to provide military service if called upon. Serfdom gradually disappeared in Western Europe by the end of the medieval period.
what is a vassals?
A vassal was a person who pledged loyalty to a lord or king in medieval Europe. In exchange for their loyalty, vassals were granted lands or portions of land known as fiefs. Vassals were bound to provide military service to their lord when called upon, and they were required to attend the lord's court to provide counsel and render judgement in legal matters. Although vassals held certain responsibilities to their lords, they also enjoyed certain rights and privileges, such as the right to collect taxes from the serfs who lived on their fiefs. Vassalage was a central institution of medieval European feudal society.
what is a knight
A knight was a member of the warrior class in medieval Europe. They were trained in chivalry, warfare, and horsemanship from a young age. Knights were distinguished by their use of armor, horses, and swords, and they often served as the backbone of a lord's military forces. Knights were typically granted land or property in exchange for their military service, and they were responsible for defending that land from outside threats. Knights also adhered to a strict code of conduct known as chivalry, which emphasized virtues such as courage, honor, and courtesy. During battle, knights would engage in jousting and other forms of melee combat with lances, swords, axes, and other weapons. The tradition of knighthood gradually declined in importance during the Renaissance period and beyond in Europe.
Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades?
A.
People became more isolated in their home regions.
B.
Christianity was limited to European countries.
C.
Muslim advances in science and medicine spread to Europe.
D.
Trade declined because people feared violence.