Why is it winter in the southern hemisphere when it is summer in the northern hemisphere?
The main reason for this is the tilt of the Earth's axis. The Earth rotates around an axis that is tilted about 23.5 degrees relative to its orbit around the sun. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive different amounts of sunlight at different times of the year.
During the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere (around June 20-22), the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, while the South Pole is tilted away from the sun. This means that the Northern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight and longer days, resulting in warmer temperatures and summer season. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere receives less direct sunlight and shorter days, resulting in cooler temperatures and winter season.
Similarly, during the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere (around December 21-23), the North Pole is tilted away from the sun, while the South Pole is tilted towards the sun. This means that the Northern Hemisphere receives less direct sunlight and shorter days, resulting in colder temperatures and winter season. At the same time, the Southern Hemisphere receives more direct sunlight and longer days, resulting in warmer temperatures and summer season.
Overall, the Earth's axial tilt and its revolving around the sun causes a cycle of seasons that vary between the two hemispheres.