Explain the process of natural selection.
Natural selection is the process by which organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without, resulting in a greater representation of the beneficial traits in subsequent generations.
The process begins with genetic variation within a population. Mutations and genetic recombination during sexual reproduction can result in differences in traits, such as physical characteristics or behaviors, among individuals.
Next, environmental pressures such as competition for resources, predation, and changing climate, create a selection pressure where certain traits are advantageous for survival and reproduction. For example, camouflage may help an animal avoid predators, or a longer neck may allow a giraffe to reach higher leaves for food.
Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing down these traits to their offspring. As subsequent generations inherit these beneficial traits, they become more common in the population, while less advantageous traits may decrease over time.
Through this process, natural selection drives the evolution of species, leading to adaptations that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction in changing environments. However, it's essential to note that natural selection acts on individuals and their traits, not the population as a whole or the species as a concept.