Explain the following behaviour of molecules :When it is raining it is advisable not to touch a canvas tent from inside
When it is raining, the water molecules in the air and on the canvas tent create a thin layer of water on the surface. If someone touches the tent from inside, the friction between their skin and the wet surface will cause the water molecules to rub against each other, creating a charge imbalance. This charge imbalance can cause the water molecules to become electrically charged, and if the person touching the tent is grounded or has a lower charge, they can experience a mild electric shock. Therefore, it is advisable not to touch a canvas tent from inside when it is raining.
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answer these questions
Which pair of living organisms are likely to have evolved from the same ancestor?
a
fish and fungi
b
fish and birds
c
birds and amoebae
d
fungi and amoebae
Question 7 (1 point)
You and your friend inspect a group of fossils from different organisms with various features. Your friend is convinced that all of the fossils are unrelated, but you find evidence that these organisms share an ancestor. What is an example of evidence that you could use to best support this argument?
a
heights
b
patterns in limb structures
c
tooth features
d
number of bones
Question 8 (1 point)
What is the relationship between humans and chimpanzees?
a
Humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common ancestor.
b
Humans and chimpanzees evolved from primates
c
Humans evolved from chimpanzees.
d
Chimpanzees evolved from humans.
Question 9 (1 point)
What do scientists think about the common ancestor of whales and hippos?
a
The animal lived in water.
b
The animal had two limbs.
c
The animal is still alive today.
d
The animal lived millions of years ago.
Question 10 (1 point)
Some horse ancestors had limb characteristics that were similar to what we see in the modern horse. Which of the following best describes the evolution of horse limbs over time?
a
Over time, the horse limb gained footbones.
b
Over time, the horse limb got longer.
c
Over time, the horse limb became shorter.
d
Over time, the horse limb grew wider.
Question 11 (1 point)
Embryos of different animals show patterns of similarities. What is this evidence for?
a
that these animals all have very similar DNA
b
that these animals all have the same physical structures
c
that these animals evolved from a common ancestor
d
that these animals have linear relationships
Question 12 (1 point)
Which pattern is evidence that reptiles and amphibians share the same ancestor?
a
They have backbones.
b
They have eyes.
c
They have similar skin.
d
They have legs.
Question 13 (1 point)
Which body part is a vestigial structure?
a
horse hoof
b
whale hind limb
c
human arm
d
bat wing
Question 14 (1 point)
Which evidence supports the theory that fish and mammals evolved from the same ancestor?
a
Their embryos share features in the early stages of development.
b
They both produce egg and sperm cells that must join in fertilization.
c
Their embryos share features in the late stages of development.
d
They both emerge from fertilized eggs
Question 15 (1 point)
Pythons have small leg bones buried in their tail muscles. What can scientists conclude from this observation?
a
Future generations of pythons will have legs.
b
The leg bones help pythons move.
c
Pythons descended from an animal with legs.
d
The leg bones will not be passed down to future generations.
Question 16 (1 point)
Which list shows the groups in order from most inclusive to least inclusive?
a
hominids, hominins, primates
b
hominins, hominids, primate
c
primates, hominins, hominids
d
primates, hominids, hominins
Question 17 (1 point)
A common ancestor is an organism that is the
a
direct ancestor of two or more different organisms.
b
direct ancestor of one organism.
c
indirect ancestor of two or more different organisms.
d
indirect ancestor of one organism.
Question 18 (1 point)
In studying humans, whales, and horses, which of the following set of similarities would be evidence for the most recent common ancestor?
a
they all have hair.
b
they all have internal skeletons.
c
they are all mammals.
d
they all have similar bones in their limbs.
Question 19 (1 point)
Fossils and genes are used to determine
a
how many mutations occurred in a species over time.
b
how species will change over time.
c
differences between organisms
d
how species interact with each other.
Question 20 (1 point)
Why do organisms evolve?
a
Organisms naturally select traits that help them survive and reproduce.
b
Changes in the environment cause organisms to change.
c
Organisms with traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment pass on those traits.
d
Organisms make changes to help them survive and reproduce in their environment.
Answers:
7. Patterns in limb structures
8. Humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common ancestor.
9. The animal lived millions of years ago.
10. Over time, the horse limb got longer.
11. that these animals evolved from a common ancestor
12. They have legs.
13. whale hind limb
14. Their embryos share features in the early stages of development.
15. Pythons descended from an animal with legs.
16. primates, hominids, hominins
17. direct ancestor of two or more different organisms.
18. they all have similar bones in their limbs.
19. differences between organisms
20. Organisms with traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment pass on those traits.
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answer these questions
Which variety of mouse is more likely to survive in a dry desert?
a
a mouse that needs more water
b
a mouse that needs less water
c
a mouse that has a shorter tail
d
a mouse that has a longer tail
Question 2 (1 point)
Facts or data are types of
a
evidence.
b
reasoning.
c
models
d
explanations.
Question 3 (1 point)
How did the Industrial Revolution impact the population of peppered moths in Britain?
a
The light-colored moths became more common.
b
The Industrial Revolution caused the proportions of each color morph in the population to become unequal
c
The dark-colored moths became more common.
d
The Industrial Revolution caused the proportions of each color morph in the population to become equal.
Question 4 (1 point)
Which term means making sense of information?
a
evidence
b
reasoning
c
investigation
d
explanation
Question 5 (1 point)
Consider the following scenario: You are a scientist observing rodents on the Galapagos Islands. You notice that the introduction of a new bird of prey has limited the number of rodents. What term best describes the factor that is limiting the number of rodents the environment can support?
a
fitness
b
food supply
c
variation
d
selective pressure
Question 6 (1 point)
Consider the following scenario: A drought hits the habitat of a semi-aquatic bird population. All ponds dry up, and fish populations decline. There are two groups of birds in the population that differ in leg length and diet. Long-legged birds eat fish, while short-legged birds eat insects. Drought has little effect on insect populations.
What is the main selective pressure in this scenario?
a
drought
b
insect population
c
leg length
d
fish population
Question 7 (1 point)
Why are the gene pools of small populations reduced compared to those of larger populations?
a
inbreeding
b
lack of advantageous traits
c
lack of suitable mates
d
bottleneck events
Question 8 (1 point)
Which statement is accurate about variations?
a
In all cases, variations become more common in a population.
b
Organisms with variations are less likely to pass these variations to their offspring.
c
Organisms with variations that give an advantage are more likely to survive.
d
In all cases, variations affect how likely it is that an organism reproduces.
Question 9 (1 point)
In an ecosystem where most flowers are long and bell-shaped, there are two varieties of hummingbird: birds with short beaks and birds with long beaks. What is the most likely hummingbird population composition?
a
only long-beaked hummingbirds
b
more short-beaked hummingbirds
c
more long-beaked hummingbirds
d
only short-beaked hummingbirds
Question 10 (1 point)
Consider the following scenario: In an aquatic bird population, some birds have long legs. Other birds have short legs. The food supply is minimal. The birds with long legs are able to wade farther into the water where they can find fish. Over time, the birds with long legs become more common. What scientific term best describes this scenario?
a
natural selection
b
fitness
c
mutation
d
selective pressures
Question 11 (1 point)
Consider the following scenario: In a muddy lake environment, some fish have brown scales. Most fish, however, have silver scales. Predators have a harder time seeing fish with brown scales. Which term best describes the brown scales?
a
new mutation
b
predominant phenotype
c
inactivated gene
d
advantageous trait
Question 12 (1 point)
Consider the following scenario: You notice that no two cats at the pet store are exactly alike. Some have spotted fur. Some have striped fur. Some have fur of one solid color. What term is used to describe your observation?
a
variation
b
fitness
c
natural selection
d
selective pressure
Question 13 (1 point)
What statement accurately describes the relationship between variations and fitness?
a
Variations always increase fitness.
b
Variations can lead to either an increase or decrease in fitness.
c
Fitness always increases variations
d
Fitness can lead to either an increase or decrease in variations.
Question 14 (1 point)
Over time, the variation that gives an advantage
a
can limit the number of individual organisms.
b
becomes less common in the population.
c
can limit the number of selective pressures.
d
becomes more common in the population
Question 15 (1 point)
Which explanation is accurate about the survival and reproduction of a population?
a
If there are a limited variety of traits in a population, most traits will be a good fit with the environment.
b
If there are a limited variety of traits in a population, it is more likely that some individuals will be able to survive and reproduce.
c
If there are a wide variety of traits in a population, most traits will be a good fit with the environment.
d
If there are a wide variety of traits in a population, it is more likely that some individuals will be able to survive and reproduce.
Question 16 (1 point)
What is the name given to an observable characteristic of an organism?
a
phenotype
b
mutation
c
genome
d
genotype
Question 17 (1 point)
In an ecosystem, there are two color varieties within a species of toads: brown and green. Over 50 years, the proportion of the population that is green increases from 20% to 50%. Which statement is the most likely to explain this change?
a
A disease caused a decrease in the proportion of brown toads.
b
The environment changed such that green toads can blend into their surroundings better.
c
Pollution caused a decrease in the proportion of brown toads.
d
The environment changed such that toads that can jump higher into the trees to survive better.
Answers:
1. a mouse that needs less water
2. evidence
3. The dark-colored moths became more common.
4. reasoning
5. selective pressure
6. fish population
7. bottleneck events
8. Organisms with variations that give an advantage are more likely to survive.
9. more long-beaked hummingbirds
10. natural selection
11. advantageous trait
12. variation
13. Variations can lead to either an increase or decrease in fitness.
14. becomes more common in the population
15. If there are a wide variety of traits in a population, it is more likely that some individuals will be able to survive and reproduce.
16. phenotype
17. The environment changed such that green toads can blend into their surroundings better.