20. Which statement about the effect of temperature on the speed of sound is correct?
A. Changes in temperature have no effect on the speed of sound.
B. As temperature increases, the speed of sound decreases because molecules in the medium collide less frequently.
C. As temperature increases, the speed of sound increases because molecules in the medium collide more frequently.
D. As temperature increases, the speed of sound increases because the medium becomes denser.
21. Which forms of electromagnetic radiation are arranged in order of increasing energy?
A. microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays
B. gamma rays, ultraviolet, microwaves, infrared
C. infrared, gamma rays, microwaves, ultraviolet
D. microwaves, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays
22. A student is using a weak computer to design a logo. If the weak computer is the only constraint, should the student use the online version or downloaded version of a graphic design software?
A. The downloaded version, because the online version may have limited bandwidth that limits how quickly the designer can work.
B. The online version, because the downloaded version usually requires better equipment than the online version.
C. The downloaded version, because the online version usually requires better equipment than the downloaded version.
D. The online version, because the downloaded version may have limited bandwidth that limits how quickly the designer can work.
23. A student explains that the behavior of EM radiation is wave-like. Which explanation correctly evaluates the wave-like properties of EM radiation?
A. EM radiation has a well-defined energy value.
B. EM radiation has a well-defined frequency.
C. EM radiation has a well-defined mass.
D. EM radiation has a well-defined location.
24. Which observation is evidence that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has particle-like properties?
A. Some EMR is blocked when it passes through a polarized lens.
B. EMR with energy above a certain value can eject electrons out of a metal.
C. A diffraction pattern is observed when EMR passes through a narrow slit.
D. EMR refracts as it moves into a different medium.
25. Which statement about the double-slit experiment is true?
A. The double-slit experiment proves that electromagnetic radiation consists of particles.
B. The double-slit experiment provides evidence that electromagnetic radiation has both wave-like and particle-like properties.
C. The double-slit experiment provides evidence that electromagnetic radiation has wave-like properties.
D. The double-slit experiment proves that electromagnetic radiation consists of waves.
20. C. As temperature increases, the speed of sound increases because molecules in the medium collide more frequently.
21. A. microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays
22. B. The online version, because the downloaded version usually requires better equipment than the online version.
23. B. EM radiation has a well-defined frequency.
24. B. EMR with energy above a certain value can eject electrons out of a metal.
25. B. The double-slit experiment provides evidence that electromagnetic radiation has both wave-like and particle-like properties.
20. The correct statement about the effect of temperature on the speed of sound is C. As temperature increases, the speed of sound increases because molecules in the medium collide more frequently.
21. The correct order of increasing energy for forms of electromagnetic radiation is A. microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays.
22. Based on the constraint of a weak computer, the student should use A. the downloaded version, because the online version may have limited bandwidth that limits how quickly the designer can work.
23. The correct evaluation of the wave-like properties of EM radiation is B. EM radiation has a well-defined frequency.
24. The observation that is evidence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) having particle-like properties is B. EMR with energy above a certain value can eject electrons out of a metal.
25. The correct statement about the double-slit experiment is B. The double-slit experiment provides evidence that electromagnetic radiation has both wave-like and particle-like properties.
20. The correct statement about the effect of temperature on the speed of sound is C. As temperature increases, the speed of sound increases because molecules in the medium collide more frequently.
To understand this concept, you can consider the behavior of molecules in a medium (such as air) when temperature changes. As temperature increases, the molecules in the medium gain more kinetic energy and move faster. This increased molecular motion leads to more frequent collisions between the molecules. Since sound is a mechanical wave that travels through a medium by causing molecules to vibrate and transfer energy, the increased frequency of collisions at higher temperatures allows sound waves to propagate faster.
21. The correct order of electromagnetic radiation arranged in increasing energy is A. microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays.
To determine the order of increasing energy, you can refer to the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses different forms of radiation, each with varying energy levels. The order from lowest to highest energy is as follows:
1. Radio waves
2. Microwaves
3. Infrared
4. Visible light
5. Ultraviolet
6. X-rays
7. Gamma rays
In this case, the question asks for increasing energy, so starting with microwaves and moving towards gamma rays, the correct order is microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays.
22. The correct option for a student using a weak computer to design a logo is A. The downloaded version, because the online version may have limited bandwidth that limits how quickly the designer can work.
When deciding between an online version or a downloaded version of a graphic design software, it's important to consider the limitations of the student's weak computer. If the computer has limited processing power, it may struggle to handle the demands of an online version that requires a constant internet connection and may encounter buffering or lag issues. On the other hand, a downloaded version of the software is installed directly on the computer, reducing the reliance on internet speed or bandwidth. This allows the designer to work at their own pace without being hindered by potential online limitations.
23. The correct evaluation of the wave-like properties of EM radiation is B. EM radiation has a well-defined frequency.
One of the wave-like properties of electromagnetic (EM) radiation is its well-defined frequency. Frequency refers to the number of wave cycles occurring per unit of time, and it determines the color or energy of EM radiation. Different frequencies correspond to different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Therefore, the statement that EM radiation has a well-defined frequency is an accurate assessment of its wave-like properties.
24. The observation that provides evidence of the particle-like properties of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is B. EMR with energy above a certain value can eject electrons out of a metal.
This observation relates to the photoelectric effect, which was explained by Albert Einstein. According to the photoelectric effect, EMR above a certain threshold frequency, or energy level, can dislodge electrons from a metal surface. This phenomenon demonstrates that EMR can behave as discrete packets of energy called photons, which have particle-like properties. The energy of the photons determines if electrons can be ejected from the metal; if the photon's energy is below the threshold, no electrons are emitted regardless of the intensity of the radiation.
25. The true statement about the double-slit experiment is B. The double-slit experiment provides evidence that electromagnetic radiation has both wave-like and particle-like properties.
The double-slit experiment is a classic experiment in physics that demonstrates the wave-particle duality of electromagnetic radiation, such as light. When light is passed through two closely spaced slits and observed on a screen, an interference pattern is formed, indicating the wave-like nature of light. However, even when light is sent through the slits one particle (photon) at a time, over time, the accumulated pattern still forms an interference pattern. This phenomenon shows the particle-like behavior of light as each photon can only pass through one slit and yet still participate in the interference pattern. Therefore, the double-slit experiment provides evidence for both wave-like and particle-like properties of electromagnetic radiation.