1. Why did Rome became a republic?
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1 point
The established monarchy wasn’t powerful enough.
The king's broad powers allowed him to mistreat his people.
The poor formed a rebellion against the aristocrats.
The aristocrats misused their power.
Common Citizens:
Lived in cramped apartments, in shabby buildings in Rome and Rented land from wealthy landowners.
Enslaved People:
Worked Dangerous jobs in mines and were Servants to wealthy Romans.
The aristocrats misused their power.
are you sure
Yes, I am sure. The aristocrats in ancient Rome had become corrupt and used their power for their own benefit, which led to social and economic conflicts. Therefore, the people of Rome demanded a fair and just system of government, which led to the establishment of a republic.
would there be any other answer?
Yes, another reason for the establishment of the Roman Republic was the increased size and expansion of Rome. As Rome expanded, it became more difficult for a single monarch to effectively rule such a large and diverse empire. Therefore, the Romans established a republic where power was shared among many officials, making it easier to govern such a large territory.
2. Which of the following measures best demonstrates the Romans’ fear of officials gaining too much powers?
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1 point
tradition of the Race of Honors
use of togas
limitis on time in office
division of patricians and plebeians
Limitis on time in office demonstrates the Romans’ fear of officials gaining too much power. The Romans established term limits for officials to prevent them from becoming too powerful and abusing their positions. Officials could only serve a certain amount of time in office and were then required to step down and allow new officials to take their place. This system ensured that power was not concentrated in the hands of a few individuals.
3. Describe the lives of common citizens and enslaved people in Roman society. (Check two boxes for each group of people)
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2 points
Lived in cramped apartments, in shabby buildings in Rome Worked Dangerous jobs in mines Servants to wealthy Romans Rented land from wealthy landowners
Common Citizens
Enslaved People
4. Why were tribunes of the plebs so powerful in Roman government?
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1 point
They protected the name of patricians.
They judged important cases
They served as leaders in times of emergency.
They could veto any law or action of a magistrate
Tribunes of the plebs were so powerful in Roman government because they could veto any law or action of a magistrate. The tribunes were elected to represent the interests of the plebeians, who were common people with no political power. The veto power allowed tribunes to check the power of the patricians, who were wealthy landowners and held most of the political power in early Rome. This made the tribunes influential and powerful in Roman government.
5. Why did Roman citizens have to pay taxes, serve in the military, and serve as jurors?
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1 point
because the plebians went on strike
because it pleased their many gods
because Romans stressed civic duty
because there was a population shortage
Roman citizens had to pay taxes, serve in the military, and serve as jurors because Romans stressed civic duty. The Romans believed that citizens had a responsibility to contribute to the well-being of society, and fulfilling these obligations was seen as a sign of patriotism and devotion to Rome. Paying taxes helped fund public works and the military, serving in the military protected the empire and its people, and serving as jurors helped ensure justice in Rome. Therefore, these obligations were considered a vital part of Roman citizenship and civic duty.
6. What was a major difference between the lives of the wealthy and the poor in Roman society?
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1 point
The wealthy were the majority while the poor were the minority
The wealthy lived in villas while the poor lived in urban areas.
The wealthy lived in urban areas while the poor owned farms.
The wealthy rented land while the poor used slave labor on their farms.
A major difference between the lives of the wealthy and the poor in Roman society was that the wealthy lived in villas while the poor lived in urban areas. The wealthy in ancient Rome were typically landowners and lived on large, luxurious estates in the countryside. They had access to all the amenities of Roman life, including education, entertainment, and fine dining. In contrast, the poor in Rome lived in urban areas, often in cramped apartments or tenement buildings. They had limited access to education and often struggled to find regular work. Their living conditions were poor and they did not have access to the same luxuries as the wealthy.
7. - Assemblies of citizens
- Citizens elect officials and pass laws.
These represent what feature of the Roman Government?
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1 point
Democratic Features of the Roman Government
Dictatorial Features of the Roman Government
Weaknesses of the Early Roman Government
Powers of Consuls in the Roman Government
These represent the Democratic Features of the Roman Government. In the Roman Republic, citizens had the right to vote in assemblies and elect officials. The assemblies of the citizens were the principal institutions of the Roman Republic, where citizens could pass laws, elect officials, and vote on issues of public policy. This system is similar to modern-day democracy, where citizens have the right to vote on issues and elect leaders to represent them in government.
8. Why was Rome able to expand?
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1 point
The Roman soldiers built roads and bridges
Roman military was rigid, and unflexible
Roman refused to give citizenship to loyal allies
Rome stayed isolated from other civilizations
Rome was able to expand due to the fact that the Roman soldiers built roads and bridges. The Roman army was known for their engineering skills, which allowed them to build efficient road systems across the empire. These roads facilitated transportation and communication, which enabled the Romans to conquer and control large territories. The Roman army was also well organized and well trained, which made them a formidable force in battle. Therefore, the combination of military strength and efficient infrastructure allowed Rome to expand its empire.
9. How was the constitution of Rome different than the constitution of the United States?
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1 point
It created three branches of government.
It granted the king absolute power
It gave plebeians most government power.
It was an unwritten constitution.
The constitution of Rome was different from the constitution of the United States in that, it was an unwritten constitution. Unlike the United States, which has a written constitution, the constitution of Rome was based on a collection of laws, traditions, and precedents. While there were written laws and legal codes, the Roman constitution was not a single document, but rather a collection of various laws and practices that evolved over time. In addition, the Roman constitution did not create three branches of government, like the US Constitution did, but rather had a system of two consuls who shared power with various other officials and governing bodies.
10. "I am quite certain that . . . (Rome) would never have been able to be so great had not the immortal gods been placated."
–Cicero, from The Nature of the Gods
According to Cicero, what was the reason why Rome was so great?
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1 point
The government adopted Judaism.
They believed in only one god.
The government was a republic.
They had made the gods happy.
According to Cicero, the reason why Rome was so great was that they had made the gods happy. Cicero believed that the Romans' religious practices and rituals were essential to their success and prosperity, and that the gods played a crucial role in their destiny. Therefore, he argued that the gods had to be acknowledged and respected in order for Rome to continue to thrive.
11. How did Augustus change the government of Rome?
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1 point
He respected the traditions of the republic.
He allowed the citizens to hold the power.
He took away most powers of the Senate.
He made the Senate more powerful.
Augustus changed the government of Rome by taking away most powers of the Senate. He transformed the Roman Republic into an autocratic form of government, known as the Principate, by consolidating power in his own hands and weakening the power of the Senate. Augustus became the first Roman emperor and ruled with absolute power, diverting control and decision-making away from the Senate. Even though he respected some of the traditions of the Republic, such as maintaining a veneer of republican governance, he was the one who held the majority of the decision-making power in the government.
12. Check the box of each government power according to the branch of Roman government.
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3 points
enforced the law controlled foreign policy passed the laws elected magistrates
Assemblies (check two boxes)
Senate
Magistrates
Assemblies (check two boxes)
Senate
Magistrates
Assemblies:
Passed the laws and elected magistrates.
Senate:
Controlled foreign policy.
13. Which male duty was seen as the most virtuous in Roman society?
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1 point
continuing the family name through sons
selling any children that were seen as unfit into slavery
owning all of the family's property
allowing their wives to participate in government
Continuing the family name through sons was seen as the most virtuous male duty in Roman society. The concept of family was highly valued in ancient Rome, and continuing the family's legacy was essential. Having a son to carry on the family name and traditions was considered a fundamental duty of every Roman man. This duty was so important that if a man was unable to have a son, he could adopt one to ensure that his legacy continued. Therefore, the birth of a male child was celebrated in Roman society as it ensured the continuation of the family name and lineage.
14. Which was a result of Rome having a less rugged landscape than Greece?
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1 point
Roman city-states grew in isolation from one another.
Rome was able to easily unify the whole Italian peninsula.
Roman soldiers could not move around easily.
Rome had to import grain from neighboring places.
A result of Rome having a less rugged landscape than Greece was that Rome was able to easily unify the whole Italian peninsula. Unlike Greece, which was characterized by rugged terrain and numerous islands, Italy had a more unified geography, with rolling hills, plains, and a central mountain range. This made it easier for Rome to expand its influence and control over the entire peninsula. Additionally, the geography also allowed for the development of a prosperous agricultural economy, where farmers could grow crops and raise livestock on the fertile land. Therefore, the less rugged landscape of Italy played a significant role in Rome's ability to unify and control the region.
15. How did the increasing power of military leaders help bring about the end of the republic?
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1 point
The military leaders refused to help the poor in the cities.
The military leaders freed the slaves that worked in the mines.
The military leaders forbade the poor from serving in the military.
The military leaders began to get more loyalty from soldiers than the government did.
The increasing power of military leaders helped bring about the end of the republic as they began to get more loyalty from soldiers than the government did. Military leaders such as Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus were able to gain significant power and influence through their military conquests and alliances with wealthy elites. They began to build loyal armies, who put their trust in their commanders rather than the government, and this allowed military leaders to contest for control over the republic. They could use their armies to take over the government by force, effectively ending the Roman Republic and giving rise to the Roman Empire. Therefore, the increased power of military leaders and their control over the loyalty of soldiers played a significant role in the end of the Roman Republic.
16. What did Julius Caesar do during the time he was in control? Select two correct answers.
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1 point
He helped the poor.
He kept Rome out of wars.
He defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra
He created jobs building bridges and roads.
He set up a democratic government.
Julius Caesar helped the poor and He created jobs building bridges and roads during the time he was in control.
Julius Caesar initiated several public works projects to provide employment opportunities to the poor, such as building infrastructure like roads, buildings, aqueducts, and other structures. This helped reduce unemployment and poverty, and at the same time, it also boosted Rome's infrastructure system. In addition, he also implemented agrarian policies that aimed to reduce the socioeconomic gap between the rich and poor, such as land redistribution and planting new towns from his military conquests.
Therefore, the two correct answers are:
- He helped the poor.
- He created jobs building bridges and roads.
17. Short Answer Response: Answer in complete sentences.
Describe three similiarities and three differences between the United States government and the Roman republic government.
Three similarities between the United States government and the Roman republic government are:
1. Both forms of government are republics, which means that the citizens have the power to elect their representatives to make laws and govern over them.
2. Both uphold the principles of checks and balances, meaning each branch of government has the ability to check on and balance out the other branches, ensuring that no branch becomes overpowered.
3. Both recognize the importance of written laws, legal systems, and law enforcement.
Three differences between the two government systems are:
1. The United States has a written constitution, while the Roman Republic did not have a single written constitution.
2. The United States has enshrined civil liberties, such as freedom of speech and equality of opportunity, while Roman society was hierarchical with vast distinctions between social class and gender.
3. The United States separates powers into three branches, while the Roman Republic had a system of two consuls who shared power with various other officials and governing bodies.
18. Short Answer Response: Answer in complete sentences.
How were the lives of Greek women different than the lives of Roman women?
The lives of Greek women were different from the lives of Roman women in various ways.
In ancient Greece, women had little to no legal rights and were, for the most part, confined to their homes. They had limited opportunities to receive education and could not participate in politics, governance, or other public activities. In fact, women were considered property in ancient Greece, either under the control of their fathers or husbands.
In Rome, women had somewhat more freedom than women in Greece. Roman women could participate in public life, receive education, and could own and inherit property. However, they still faced significant restrictions, such as being unable to hold public office as they were not citizens, nor could they attend public events such as games or theater performances. Additionally, women in Rome were expected to marry and have children, which was considered their primary role and duty.
Therefore, although the lives of women in both ancient Greece and Rome were restricted compared to men, women in Rome had comparatively more opportunities and freedoms than women in Greece.
19. Short Answer Response: Answer in complete sentences.
What influence did Greek and Etruscan civilizations have on the creation of the Roman Republic?
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4 points
Greek and Etruscan civilizations had a significant influence on the creation of the Roman Republic, in the following ways:
1. The Romans borrowed elements of their religion, myths, and gods from the Greeks and Etruscan cultures, which enabled them to establish their own religion.
2. The Romans adopted various architectural and artistic styles from the Greeks, such as column design, porticoes, and frescoes, which became important characteristics of the Roman Republic's built environment.
3. The Romans adopted the Greek alphabet and the Etruscan system of writing to create their own language and writing system, which helped them develop literature, law, and business systems.
4. The Romans borrowed organizational and administrative systems, such as the concept of citizenship and the establishment of the Senate, from the Etruscans. This enabled them to create their own complex system of governance and law that laid the foundation for the Roman Republic.
Therefore, both Greek and Etruscan civilizations had a significant influence on the creation of the Roman Republic, contributing to its religion, art, language, and governance system.