If discovered, which would most likely be considered a living organism by the NASA definition but not the biological definition of life?

Question

If discovered, which would most likely be considered a living organism by the NASA definition but not the biological definition of life?

A.
a bacterium that can only break down sugar molecules for energy
B.
a virus that needs to insert its DNA into a host cell in order to reproduce
C.
a virus that synthesizes its own proteins and reproduces outside of a host cell
D.
a bacterium that can break down oil and other pollutants instead of sugars for energy

Answer 1

B. a virus that needs to insert its DNA into a host cell in order to reproduce. This is because the NASA definition of life includes the ability to replicate and evolve, whereas the biological definition of life requires cells to have metabolism and the ability to maintain homeostasis. While viruses can replicate and evolve, they are not considered living organisms under the biological definition because they cannot carry out metabolism or maintain homeostasis on their own.