Using the kinetic theory , explain why a solid has a definite shape and liquid has none .
The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter consists of tiny particles, such as atoms or molecules, that are in constant motion. These particles possess kinetic energy due to their motion, and their behavior varies depending on the state of matter they are in - solid, liquid, or gas.
In a solid, the particles (atoms or molecules) are closely packed together in a fixed, regular arrangement called a lattice structure. Due to their close proximity, the particles experience strong intermolecular forces or bonds. These forces keep the particles in a fixed position, allowing them to only vibrate around their equilibrium positions. This restricted motion results in a solid maintaining a definite shape and volume. The kinetic energy of the particles is not sufficient to overcome the strong intermolecular forces, which is why solids have a low tendency to flow or change shape.
In a liquid, the particles are still relatively close together but have more freedom to move around, compared to a solid. The intermolecular forces or bonds in a liquid are weaker than in a solid, allowing the particles to slide past one another. This ability to move more freely results in liquids having an indefinite shape and conforming to the shape of their container. However, liquids still maintain a definite volume due to the close proximity of the particles. The kinetic energy of the particles in a liquid is higher than in a solid but not enough to fully break the intermolecular forces, leading to the fluid characteristic of liquids.
In summary, a solid has a definite shape due to the strong intermolecular forces that hold its particles in fixed positions, while a liquid lacks a definite shape due to the weaker intermolecular forces that permit the particles to move more freely around each other.