The process in which cells use H+ and e- to produce molecules of ATP is termed
oxidative phosphorylation.
The conversion of light energy into chemical energy requires
the process of photosynthesis. Specifically, this process involves the absorption of light by pigments in chloroplasts, the conversion of that light energy into chemical energy through the generation of ATP and NADPH, and the use of that chemical energy to synthesize sugars and other organic molecules through the Calvin cycle.
When light is absorbed in a green plant,
the energy of the light is captured by molecules of chlorophyll and other pigments found in specialized organelles called chloroplasts. This energy is then used to produce molecules of ATP and NADPH through a process called the light-dependent reaction. These energy-rich molecules are then used to power the synthesis of carbohydrates through the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. In essence, the absorbed light is converted into chemical energy that can be used by the plant to fuel its metabolism and growth.
The condition in test tube B that would eventually lead to the death of the yeast cells would be
In order to determine the specific condition in test tube B that would lead to the death of the yeast cells, more information about the experiment is needed. However, some possible factors that could lead to yeast cell death include extreme temperatures (either very hot or very cold), lack of nutrients or oxygen, high salt concentration, or exposure to toxins or other harmful substances. Without additional information about the experiment and the conditions in test tube B, it is difficult to determine the specific factor that would lead to yeast cell death.
One relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration lies in the fact that
The process you are referring to is called oxidative phosphorylation. This is the last step of cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. Oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons (e-) from electron carriers, such as NADH and FADH2, to a series of protein complexes called the electron transport chain (ETC).
To initiate oxidative phosphorylation, the electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) donate their electrons to the ETC. As the electrons travel through the ETC, they transfer energy to actively transport protons (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This generates an electrochemical gradient, with higher proton concentration in the intermembrane space compared to the mitochondrial matrix.
The protons in the intermembrane space then flow back into the matrix through ATP synthase, which is an enzyme embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the protons pass through ATP synthase, the enzyme uses their energy to convert ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of cells.
In summary, the process of oxidative phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons through the electron transport chain, which creates a proton gradient. The flow of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase drives the synthesis of ATP, utilizing H+ and e- to produce molecules of ATP.