During one week, Mary made several changes to her bank account. She started with $500. She made four withdrawals of $40 each from an ATM. She also used her check card for a $156 purchase. Then she deposited her paycheck of $375. What is her new balance?

Mary's starting balance was $500.

She made four withdrawals of $40 each for a total of 4 x $40 = $<<4*40=160>>160.
Her balance after the withdrawals is $500 - $160 = $340.
She made a purchase of $156 using her check card.
Her balance after the purchase is $340 - $156 = $184.
She deposited $375 from her paycheck.
Her new balance is $184 + $375 = $<<184+375=559>>559. Answer: \boxed{559}.