What does the term "fair-use exception" mean?


• to use only material that has never been published
• the ability to use material made by others for educational purposes
• an exception to copyright restrictions for images only
• Educational material is no longer under copyright.

The term "fair-use exception" refers to the legal doctrine that allows for the limited use of copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright owner. The use must be for a transformative purpose such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. It is not limited to educational material only and may include images, text, videos, or other forms of media.