Using the models what can you deduce about matter as it changes states?
As matter moves from gas to solid, atoms gain energy and spread out.
As matter moves from solid to gas, atoms become more compact.
As matter moves from gas to solid, it gains atoms as they multiply.
As matter moves from solid to gas, atoms gain energy and spread out.
The correct answer is: As matter changes states, the arrangement and movement of its constituent particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) change. The models show that the amount of kinetic energy, or energy of motion, of the particles in matter generally increases as it changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas. As the particles gain energy, they move faster and farther apart, causing an increase in volume and a decrease in density. Conversely, as matter changes from a gas to a liquid to a solid, the amount of kinetic energy generally decreases, causing the particles to slow down and come closer together. This results in a decrease in volume and an increase in density. So, the models reveal that matter can change in state due to changes in temperature, pressure, or both.
In other words:
As matter moves from solid to gas, atoms gain energy and spread out.
Based on the models, we can deduce the following about matter as it changes states:
1. Gas to solid: As matter moves from a gas state to a solid state, atoms gain energy and spread out. In the gas phase, atoms have high kinetic energy and are loosely packed. However, as the gas cools down, the atoms lose energy and slow down. This allows them to come together, forming a solid state where the particles are closely packed.
2. Solid to gas: On the other hand, as matter changes from a solid state to a gas state, the atoms become more compact. In a solid, atoms are tightly packed and have low energy vibrations. When energy is added to the solid, such as by heating it, the atoms gain energy and start vibrating more vigorously. Eventually, the increased energy overcomes the forces holding them in a solid lattice, allowing the atoms to break free and move more freely as a gas.
3. Gas to solid (alternative explanation): Another point to deduce is that as matter changes from a gas state to a solid state, it gains atoms as they multiply. In a gas phase, atoms move randomly and independently. However, when the gas cools down, the molecules lose energy and come together to form a solid. The atoms/molecules multiply, aligning themselves in a specific geometric pattern, resulting in the formation of a solid.
4. Solid to gas (alternative explanation): Finally, as matter changes from a solid state to a gas state, atoms gain energy and spread out. In a solid, atoms are held in a fixed position and vibrate around their equilibrium positions. However, when energy is added to the solid, such as by heating it, the atoms absorb energy and become more active. This increased energy allows the atoms to overcome the forces holding them together, causing them to spread out and move more freely in a gaseous state.
To understand the changes in matter as it changes states, we need to consider the behavior of atoms or molecules. The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Let's analyze each statement to determine which ones are accurate:
1. "As matter moves from gas to solid, atoms gain energy and spread out."
This statement is incorrect. When matter changes from the gas state to the solid state, the atoms or molecules lose energy, causing them to slow down and come closer together. The process is called condensation and involves the atoms or molecules transitioning from a more chaotic, freely moving state to a more ordered and structured arrangement.
2. "As matter moves from solid to gas, atoms become more compact."
This statement is also incorrect. When matter changes from the solid state to the gas state, the atoms or molecules gain energy, causing them to speed up and become more spread out. This process is called vaporization or sublimation, depending on whether the matter transitions directly from solid to gas or passes through the liquid state first.
3. "As matter moves from gas to solid, it gains atoms as they multiply."
This statement is incorrect. The number of atoms or molecules does not change when matter changes from one state to another. In a closed system, the total number of atoms remains constant, meaning that no new atoms are being created.
4. "As matter moves from solid to gas, atoms gain energy and spread out."
This statement is correct. When matter changes from the solid state to the gas state, the atoms or molecules absorb energy and increase their thermal motion. As a result, they spread out and become less densely packed. This transition is called vaporization or sublimation.
In summary, when matter changes states, the behavior of atoms or molecules can be described accurately as:
- Gas to solid: Atoms lose energy and come closer together (condensation).
- Solid to gas: Atoms gain energy and become more spread out (vaporization or sublimation).