Drag and drop the ways in which Louis XIV supported the arts in France. Phrases may be used once or not at all.
gave money for public art installations for the common people to enjoy
supported schools that taught the arts and sciences
expanded royal palaces
hired famous architects to design and decorate royal palaces
supported French writers of plays
developed the minimalist style of art
Support of the arts by Louis XIV
- supported schools that taught the arts and sciences
- hired famous architects to design and decorate royal palaces
- supported French writers of plays
- expanded royal palaces
Select the correct descriptions for each ruler in the table. Descriptions may be used once, twice, or not at all.
Maria Theresa
Frederick II
led the army to victories over Austria and expanded territory
allowed freedom of speech
improved the nation's tax system
supported the use of vaccines for illness
Maria Theresa: improved the nation's tax system, supported the use of vaccines for illness
Frederick II: led the army to victories over Austria and expanded territory, allowed freedom of speech
Which of the following was a direct result of the English Civil War?
A.
the signing of the English Bill of Rights
B.
the overthrow of James II
C.
the execution of Charles I
D.
the signing of Magna Carta
C. the execution of Charles I
How were the reigns of James I and Charles I different from those of the Tudors before them?
A.
James I and Charles I clashed with Parliament.
B.
James I and Charles I eliminated heavy taxes.
C.
James I and Charles I supported the Protestants.
D.
James I and Charles I did not believe in the divine right of kings.
A. James I and Charles I clashed with Parliament.
Which Enlightenment thinker believed most strongly that women should enjoy the same rights as men?
A.
Locke
B.
Rousseau
C.
Voltaire
D.
Wollstonecraft
D. Wollstonecraft.
“The [collection] of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands . . . may justly be [called] the very definition of tyranny. . . .
. . . it will be proper to investigate the sense in which the [protection] of liberty requires that the three great departments of power should be separate and distinct.”
—James Madison, The Federalist Paper No. 47 (1788)
James Madison was the fourth president of the United States and one of the nation’s Founding Fathers.
Which Enlightenment thinker most likely influenced the ideas presented in this quotation by Madison? Explain what this thinker believed and how his ideas relate to the quotation.
The Enlightenment thinker who most likely influenced the ideas presented in this quotation by James Madison is Montesquieu. Montesquieu believed that power should be divided into separate branches and that each branch should have checks and balances on the other branches. This idea is reflected in Madison's quotation, where he argues that all powers should not be in the same hands and that the three branches of power should be separate and distinct. The idea behind this is that if power is concentrated in one branch, it is more likely that tyranny and abuse of power will occur. By separating the powers and giving each branch different responsibilities, it is less likely that any one branch will become too powerful and abuse their power. This is a fundamental feature of the U.S. Constitution, which Madison was instrumental in creating, and reflects the Enlightenment belief in the importance of reason, liberty, and equality.
How were the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers influenced by the Scientific Revolution?
The ideas of Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the Scientific Revolution in several ways. Firstly, the Scientific Revolution instilled in people a belief in the power of reason and empirical evidence. Enlightenment thinkers, such as John Locke, believed that by using reason and observation, humans could discover the laws governing the natural and social worlds. This is similar to the scientific method, which emphasizes observation, experimentation, and data collection in order to establish empirical facts. Secondly, scientific discoveries during the Scientific Revolution, such as those made by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton, challenged traditional beliefs and cultural norms. This led to a newfound skepticism towards authority and tradition, which helped fuel the Enlightenment's emphasis on individual liberty and freedom of thought. Thirdly, the Scientific Revolution led to advances in technology and industry, which in turn fueled economic growth and trade. This created a new middle class in Europe, which became an important audience for Enlightenment thinkers, who often argued for liberal economic policies and the protection of property rights. Overall, the Scientific Revolution played an important role in shaping the ideas and beliefs of Enlightenment thinkers, who sought to use reason and empirical evidence to transform and improve society.
How were the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers influenced by the Scientific Revolution?
The Enlightenment thinkers were significantly influenced by the Scientific Revolution in several ways. First, the Scientific Revolution created a new way of thinking that prioritized reason and observation over traditional beliefs and superstitions. Enlightenment thinkers, such as John Locke and Voltaire, followed this approach to knowledge and believed that human beings could reason their way to truth. They saw reason as the key to unlocking progress and human advancement.
Second, scientific progress demonstrated the power of human reasoning and its ability to change the world and conquer nature. This created a culture of optimism that celebrated human ingenuity and creativity. Enlightenment thinkers believed that human beings were capable of shaping their own destinies and building a better world by harnessing the power of science and reason.
Third, the Scientific Revolution provided Enlightenment thinkers with a new vocabulary and framework for understanding the world. It led to the development of new disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and biology, which provided the basis for the new scientific worldview. The Enlightenment thinkers adopted this new vocabulary and framework and applied it to the social, political, and economic spheres, leading to the development of fields such as political economy and sociology.
Overall, the Enlightenment was heavily influenced by the Scientific Revolution, which provided both a new way of thinking and a new set of tools and concepts for understanding and transforming the world.
How was Adam Smith's position about the necessity of free trade and free markets different from how many national economies operated during this period?
Adam Smith's position on free trade and free markets was quite different from how many national economies operated during his time. During the 18th century, most national economies were characterized by mercantilism, which was a system of trade and economic policies that aimed to increase a nation's wealth by maximizing its exports and minimizing its imports. This involved a system of protectionism, where nations used tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers to protect their domestic industries from foreign competition.
In contrast, Adam Smith was a firm advocate of free trade and the idea of the market as a self-regulating mechanism. He believed that free trade would lead to greater prosperity, lower prices, and increased economic efficiency. He argued that governments had no business interfering in the market with protective tariffs, subsidies or regulations. Smith believed that the market would naturally regulate itself, with supply and demand interacting to set prices and allocate resources.
Smith's ideas were revolutionary and at odds with the prevailing economic theories of his time. However, his ideas gained popularity during the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to the adoption of more liberal economic policies and the spread of globalization. Today, many countries practice free trade or have entered into regional and global free trade agreements, and the ideas of Adam Smith continue to be influential in shaping economic policy.