1. What is one way the Eastern Front was different from the Western Front?
A. The Eastern Front was fought with more military technology than the Western Front.
B. The Western Front provided the Central Powers with their most decisive victories.
C. The Western Front suffered more casualties than the Eastern Front.
D. The Eastern Front had front lines that moved widely, while the Western Front did not.
2. What was the most significant effect of U-boat attacks on the fighting on land?
A. They killed many soldiers.
B. They kept soldiers from the front lines.
C. They destroyed vital supplies.
D. They created a stalemate.
3. Which new type of warfare was responsible for civilian and military deaths and was banned after the war?
A. poison gas
B. armored tanks
C. trench warfare
D. aerial ”dogfights”
4. What claim did the Ottoman government make against the Armenians living in the Caucasus Mountains?
A. They would not allow the Ottomans passage through the mountains.
B. They were traitors.
C. They cut off Allied supply lines to Russia.
D. They stopped the Central Powers from advancing into Italy.
5. What did it mean to “go over the top” during World War I?
A. It was the phrase for when soldiers suffered mentally from the effects of mustard gas.
B. It was the phrase for when soldiers left the trenches to rush into No Man’s Land.
C. It was the phrase for when soldiers refused a direct order from a superior and appealed to the general or admiral.
D. It was the phrase for when soldiers peered over the edge of their trenches through barbed wire.
6. Why did the British introduce the tank in World War I?
A. They hoped to sneak into enemy camps and get behind enemy lines.
B. They hoped to help support their strategy of ambushes and raids in the west.
C. They hoped to break the stalemate by successfully conquering No Man’s Land.
D. They hoped to protect communications and keep troops mobile.
7. How did the Russian commanders’ response to reduced war production increase the casualties in World War I?
A. They surrendered due to the lack of supplies, such as rifles and helmets.
B. They sent masses of peasant soldiers into combat, some unarmed.
C. They increased production and advanced past the front.
D. They diverted forces to build railroads and highways.
8. In which way was the Central Powers’ offensive at Verdun similar to the Allied offensive at Somme?
A. Both battles were turning points for the Allies in World War I.
B. Neither battle was fought using trench warfare on the Western Front.
C. Neither battle used the modern weapons that had been introduced earlier in the war.
D. Both battles had high casualties without either side winning an advantage.
1. D. The Eastern Front had front lines that moved widely, while the Western Front did not.
2. C. They destroyed vital supplies.
3. A. Poison gas.
4. B. They were traitors.
5. B. It was the phrase for when soldiers left the trenches to rush into No Man’s Land.
6. C. They hoped to break the stalemate by successfully conquering No Man’s Land.
7. B. They sent masses of peasant soldiers into combat, some unarmed.
8. D. Both battles had high casualties without either side winning an advantage.
1. The correct answer is D. The Eastern Front had front lines that moved widely, while the Western Front did not. The Eastern Front, which stretched across Eastern Europe, saw more fluid and mobile warfare with front lines shifting back and forth, whereas the Western Front, which stretched across France and Belgium, was characterized by static trench warfare with little movement.
2. The correct answer is C. U-boat attacks destroyed vital supplies. U-boats, or German submarines, targeted Allied supply ships during World War I and disrupted the transportation of essential goods and resources. This had a significant impact on the fighting on land as it weakened the supply lines and forced the soldiers to deal with shortages of necessary provisions and equipment.
3. The correct answer is A. Poison gas was a new type of warfare that caused civilian and military deaths during World War I. Both sides used various types of poisonous gases, such as chlorine and mustard gas, which caused agonizing deaths and severe injuries. After the war, the use of chemical weapons was banned by the Geneva Protocol in 1925.
4. The correct answer is B. The Ottoman government claimed that the Armenians living in the Caucasus Mountains were traitors. The Ottoman Empire accused the Armenian population of siding with the Russians and attempting to create a separatist movement. As a result, the Ottoman government implemented policies that led to the mass deportation, forced labor, and massacre of Armenians, resulting in the Armenian Genocide.
5. The correct answer is B. "Going over the top" referred to when soldiers left the trenches to rush into No Man's Land. No Man's Land was the barren and heavily fortified area between opposing trenches, and soldiers had to navigate through this dangerous area during an offensive assault. "Going over the top" was a perilous action that exposed soldiers to enemy fire.
6. The correct answer is C. The British introduced the tank in World War I with the hope of breaking the stalemate by successfully conquering No Man's Land. The introduction of tanks aimed to overcome the challenges of trench warfare and provide a means to traverse No Man's Land, which was heavily fortified and treacherous. The tanks were intended to break through enemy lines and create a breakthrough in the stagnant front.
7. The correct answer is B. Russian commanders' response to reduced war production led to increased casualties by sending masses of peasant soldiers into combat, some unarmed. As the war progressed, the Russian military faced severe shortages of equipment and supplies. In order to counter this, commanders resorted to conscripting and deploying inexperienced peasant soldiers, often without adequate training or weapons, leading to increased casualties and a significant loss of life.
8. The correct answer is D. Both the Central Powers' offensive at Verdun and the Allied offensive at the Somme resulted in high casualties without either side winning a significant advantage. The Battle of Verdun, fought between Germany and France, was the longest and one of the bloodiest battles of World War I, while the Battle of Somme, fought by British and French forces against Germany, resulted in one of the deadliest days in British military history. Both battles saw heavy casualties and little territorial gain, contributing to the overall stalemate on the Western Front.