1) How is the nervous system transmitted along the axon of a nerve cell?
2) How does the transmission across the junction between one neurone and the next happen?
3) How is the impulse transmitted across a neurone?
4) How does the impulse cross the synapse?
5) Draw a diagram for all of this and label it.
6) What happens along the axon and at a synapse?
a) What happens at the end of one neuron?
b) What happens in the synapse itself?
c) What happens in the second neuron?
1) The nervous system transmits signals along the axon of a nerve cell through electrochemical impulses called action potentials. These action potentials are caused by the exchange of ions across the cell membrane, resulting in a change in the electrical potential difference (voltage) between the inside and outside of the neuron. This change in voltage travels down the axon and acts as a signal to transmit information.
2) The transmission across the junction between one neuron and the next, also known as a synapse, occurs through the release of neurotransmitters. When an action potential reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles (small sacs) inside the neuron. These neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft (the gap between two neurons) and bind to specific receptors on the membrane of the second neuron, causing a new action potential to form and propagate along the second neuron.
3) As mentioned in the first question, the impulse is transmitted across a neuron through the sequential generation of action potentials along the length of the axon. This occurs due to the electrical and chemical changes within the neuron and its membrane.
4) To cross the synapse, the impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the first neuron. The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to specific receptors on the membrane of the second neuron. This binding causes changes in the membrane's ion channels, which either directly or indirectly generates a new action potential in the second neuron.
5) I'm sorry, I cannot draw a diagram as I am a text-based AI language model. However, you can easily find diagrams online or in textbooks that show the structure of a neuron, the flow of action potentials along the axon, and the transmission across synapses.
6) Along the axon, action potentials are generated and propagated, transmitting the nerve impulse from one end of the neuron to the other. At a synapse:
a) At the end of one neuron (presynaptic neuron), the action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles.
b) In the synapse itself, neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to specific receptors on the membrane of the second neuron (postsynaptic neuron).
c) In the second neuron, the binding of neurotransmitters causes changes in the membrane's ion channels, which either directly or indirectly generates a new action potential that continues along the axon of the second neuron.