1. Why were John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie sometimes called robber barons?

a. They stole from the rich to give to the poor.
b. they were known for their risky investment strategy
c. they found tax loopholes and were able to keep all their money from the government
d. they used ruthless business tactics against their competitors

The correct answer is d. They used ruthless business tactics against their competitors. Both Rockefeller and Carnegie were known for using monopolistic practices, such as undercutting prices and driving smaller competitors out of business, to gain control of their respective industries. They amassed vast fortunes, but their methods were often controversial and led to accusations of unethical behavior, earning them the nickname "robber barons."