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During chemical reactions, bonds between atoms break and form in terms of subatomic particles means that the electrons in the outermost energy level (valence electrons) are involved in the formation and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms. When a chemical reaction occurs, valence electrons may be transferred between atoms, shared between atoms, or redistributed within a molecule, leading to the formation of new compounds with different properties.
To understand what happens to subatomic particles during chemical reactions, it is important to know some basic concepts.
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances. Atoms are composed of subatomic particles, namely protons, neutrons, and electrons.
1. Protons: Protons have a positive charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom.
2. Neutrons: Neutrons have no charge and are also located in the nucleus.
3. Electrons: Electrons have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
During a chemical reaction, the bonds between atoms are broken and formed. These bonds are typically formed by the interaction between electrons. The sharing, transfer, or redistribution of electrons leads to the formation of new compounds and the breaking of previous bonds.
In terms of subatomic particles:
1. When chemical bonds are broken, electrons can be either shared (covalent bonds) or transferred (ionic bonds) between atoms.
2. When covalent bonds are formed, electrons are shared between two or more atoms. This sharing helps to stabilize the outer electron shells of the atoms involved.
3. In ionic bonding, one atom transfers electrons to another, resulting in the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). These opposite charges attract and hold the atoms together.
Overall, during a chemical reaction, the rearrangement of electrons leads to the formation of new bonds and the breaking of existing bonds between atoms, resulting in the creation of different compounds.