A bowler throws a ball down the lane toward the pins. The ball reaches the pins and slowly moves through them, knocking down the center pins but leaving the end pins standing. The bowler wants the ball to reach all the pins. Which changes should the bowler make so that the ball has a greater acceleration?
A: The bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with more force.
B: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with more force.
C: The bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with less force.
D: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with less force.
B: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with more force.
Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass. Therefore, increasing the force or mass will result in a greater acceleration of the ball, which will increase the chances of knocking down all the pins.
To increase the acceleration of the ball and improve the chances of knocking down all the pins, the bowler should make changes that increase the force acting on the ball. According to Newton's second law of motion, F = ma, where F is the force applied to an object, m is its mass, and a is its acceleration.
Considering the given options:
A: The bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with more force.
B: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with more force.
C: The bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with less force.
D: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with less force.
From these options, the best choice is B: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with more force.
Increasing the mass of the ball, while keeping the force constant, would cause a greater acceleration according to Newton's second law. Additionally, throwing the ball with more force would also increase the acceleration. Both of these changes would help the ball to have a greater impact on the pins and potentially knock them all down.
To achieve a greater acceleration and ensure that the ball reaches all the pins, the bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with more force.
Choice A: The bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with more force.
This would be the correct answer. According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applied to an object and inversely proportional to its mass. By choosing a ball with less mass or throwing the ball with more force, the bowler increases the net force on the ball, resulting in a greater acceleration. This increased acceleration would help the ball reach all the pins.
Choice B: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with more force.
This would not be the correct answer. Increasing the mass of the ball would actually decrease the acceleration, as the acceleration is inversely proportional to mass according to Newton's second law. Therefore, choosing a ball with more mass or throwing the ball with more force would not help the ball reach all the pins.
Choice C: The bowler should choose a ball with less mass or throw the ball with less force.
This would not be the correct answer. Similar to choice B, decreasing the net force on the ball by throwing it with less force or choosing a ball with less mass would result in a decrease in acceleration. Therefore, this choice would not help the ball reach all the pins.
Choice D: The bowler should choose a ball with more mass or throw the ball with less force.
This would not be the correct answer. As discussed earlier, increasing the mass of the ball and throwing it with less force would decrease the acceleration. Therefore, this choice would not help the ball reach all the pins.