What archaeological evidence taught scholars about the culture of Mississippians?
A. Housing complexes built into the sides of cliffs.
B. Kayaks designed to hunt animals over long distances.
C. Large earthen mounds built for religious purposes.
D. Totem poles decorated with animal symbols.
C. Large earthen mounds built for religious purposes.
Archaeological evidence has shown that the Mississippians, who lived in the southeastern United States from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, built large earthen mounds for religious and ceremonial purposes. These mounds were often used as platforms for temples or other important buildings, and they were sometimes used as burial sites for important members of the community. The mounds also served as markers of social and political power, and they were often decorated with elaborate carvings and other artwork.
How does Canada's climate affect where its people live?
A.
Most Canadians live in the southern part of the country, where temperatures are milder.
B.
Most Canadians live near the United States border, where rainfall allows farming.
C.
Canadians prefer regions with colder climates, where winter sports such as hockey can be played outdoors.
D.
Most Canadians live along the coasts, where abundant rainfall allows farming.
A. Most Canadians live in the southern part of the country, where temperatures are milder.
Canada's climate is generally known for being cold and having long winters, however, the majority of Canadians live in the southern part of the country where temperatures are milder and more hospitable for human habitation. The southern part of Canada experiences a humid continental climate, characterized by warm summers and cold winters with snow. Areas in the far north, on the other hand, are very cold, with some areas remaining frozen for most of the year. However, there are some communities in the far north that are still inhabited, such as Inuit communities, due to their adapted lifestyle and resources.
Study the map.
A map of the North American continent contains arrows that show two possible migration routes of early humans to North America. The first arrow starts in Asia and moves over land into Alaska and Northern Canada, spreads throughout the United States, and into Mexico and South America. The second arrow starts in the islands of the Bering Sea and follows the coasts of Alaska, Canada, and the mainland of the United States, down along the coasts of Mexico and Central and South America.
According to the map, how did people first arrive in North America?
A.
They sailed across the Pacific Ocean.
B.
They sailed across the Arctic Ocean.
C.
They migrated by land and sea from South America to North America.
D.
They walked or paddled along the shoreline from Asia to North America.
D. They walked or paddled along the shoreline from Asia to North America.
According to the map, the two possible migration routes of early humans to North America involved traveling over land and sea from Asia to North America, either by walking across the Bering land bridge or paddling along the coastline between Asia and North America. Therefore, the answer is option D: They walked or paddled along the shoreline from Asia to North America.
Read the quote.
I am Dekanawidah [identified as the traditional founder of the Iroquois Confederacy] and with the Five Nations confederate [united for a common purpose] lords I plant the Tree of the Great Peace. . . . Under the shade of this Tree of the Great Peace we spread the soft white feathery down of the globe thistle as seats for you Adodarhoh [an Onondaga chief], and your cousin lords. . . . There shall you sit and watch the council fire of the confederacy of the Five Nations, and all the affairs of the Five Nations shall be transacted at this place before you. . . .
We place at the top of the Tree of the Long Leaves an eagle who is able to see afar. If he sees in the distance any evil approaching or any danger threatening he will at once warn the people of the confederacy. The smoke of the confederate council fire shall ever ascend and pierce the sky so that other nations who may be allies may see the council fire of the Great Peace . . .
—Iroquois Constitution
Based on this excerpt, what was the purpose of the Iroquois League?
A.
to maintain an ever-burning fire as a symbol of unity
B.
to work together and defend each other to keep peace
C.
to establish laws that all American Indian nations were to follow
D.
to provide comfort and care for visiting tribal leaders
B. To work together and defend each other to keep peace.
The excerpt from the Iroquois Constitution describes the planting of the Tree of Great Peace, which symbolizes the unity and cooperation of the Five Nations Confederacy, and the creation of an effective system of governance for the confederacy. The purpose of the Iroquois League was to work together and defend each other to keep peace, by creating a council fire that would be used to discuss the affairs of the confederacy and to provide a means for the eagle on top of the tree of long leaves to warn the people of the confederacy in case of danger. Therefore, the answer is option B: to work together and defend each other to keep peace.
What generalization can be made by comparing the lifestyle of the Inuit of the Arctic to the lifestyle of the Natchez in the Southeast?
A.
The two societies were similar in organization and way of life.
B.
Contrasting environments greatly influenced their ways of life.
C.
Differences in government led to differences in culture.
D.
One group adapted better to their environment than the other.
B. Contrasting environments greatly influenced their ways of life.
The Inuit of the Arctic and the Natchez of the Southeast lived in very different environments with distinct climates, natural resources, and ecosystems, which significantly influenced their ways of life. The Inuit were adaptive hunters and gatherers who relied on hunting marine mammals and fishing due to their Arctic environment while the Natchez were agricultural communities who primarily relied on maize, beans, and squash for their food production. The differences in their environments and their responses to those differences made their cultures and ways of life fundamentally different from each other. Therefore, the generalization that can be made by comparing the lifestyle of the Inuit of the Arctic to the lifestyle of the Natchez of the Southeast is that contrasting environments greatly influenced their ways of life.
Study the image.
An image of American Indians, Spanish priests, and Spanish settlers is shown. The Spanish priests are in the middle of the picture with a church in the background. American Indians are kneeling in prayer to the left of the priests. Spanish colonists are kneeling in prayer to the right of the priests.
What generalization about the experiences of American Indians on Spanish missions does this image best support?
A.
American Indians were forced to endure long hours of hard manual labor.
B.
American Indians were treated cruelly by the Spanish missionaries.
C.
American Indians often died from diseases that had been brought from Europe.
D.
American Indians were expected to convert to Christianity.