which voting practice does the Supreme Court decision address?
grandfather clause
Poll, tax
Literacy test
Jim crow laws
The Supreme Court decision you are referring to is unclear without further context. However, I can explain each of the voting practices you mentioned and discuss previous Supreme Court decisions that have addressed them.
1. Grandfather Clause: This was a provision used in the late 19th and early 20th century to exempt someone from a voting requirement if their ancestor had been eligible to vote before the Civil War. The Supreme Court addressed this issue in the 1915 case of Guinn v. United States. The Court ruled that grandfather clauses were unconstitutional under the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
2. Poll Tax: This refers to a tax imposed on voters as a condition to participate in an election. The Supreme Court decision that addressed poll taxes was Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections in 1966. The Court held that the imposition of a poll tax violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, as it disproportionately affected lower-income individuals and minorities.
3. Literacy Test: This was a requirement that voters demonstrate their ability to read and write before being allowed to vote. The Supreme Court addressed literacy tests in several cases, most notably in the 1966 case of South Carolina v. Katzenbach. The Court ruled that literacy tests were unconstitutional under the Fifteenth Amendment if they were used to intentionally discriminate against racial or language minority groups.
4. Jim Crow Laws: These were state and local laws enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to enforce racial segregation and restrict the rights of African Americans. While the Supreme Court did not address Jim Crow laws as a whole, it ruled on specific cases involving segregation in schools and public facilities. The most famous of these decisions was Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, where the Court declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
In summary, each of the voting practices you mentioned has been addressed by the Supreme Court in different cases, with the Court ruling against discriminatory practices that violated constitutional protections. However, without knowing the specific Supreme Court decision you are referring to, I cannot provide a direct answer.