Analyse the state of infant and child mortality (globally and in Tanzania) and explain its determinants.
Infant and child mortality is a major global health concern, with an estimated 5.3 million children under the age of five dying each year. In Tanzania, the infant mortality rate is estimated to be around 50 deaths per 1,000 live births, while the under-five mortality rate is estimated to be around 70 deaths per 1,000 live births.
The determinants of infant and child mortality are complex and multi-faceted. Factors such as poverty, inadequate access to healthcare, poor nutrition, and lack of education can all contribute to higher mortality rates. In Tanzania, poverty is a major factor, with over 40% of the population living below the poverty line. Inadequate access to healthcare is also a major issue, with only around 40% of the population having access to basic healthcare services. Poor nutrition is also a major factor, with malnutrition being a major cause of death in children under five. Finally, lack of education is also a major factor, with only around 40% of the population having access to basic education.
In order to reduce infant and child mortality, it is important to address the underlying determinants. This includes increasing access to healthcare, improving nutrition, and increasing access to education. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the most vulnerable populations, such as those living in poverty, have access to the necessary resources to improve their health and wellbeing.