Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. Urbanization has several effects on nature. Which of the following would be a direct effect of clearing away vegetation for land development?

A. Increased air pollution

B. Increased water pollution
C. Decreased biodiversity
D. Increased soil erosion

D. Increased soil erosion