RULES FOR DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH.
The rules for direct and indirect speech are as follows:
1. For direct speech, the speaker's exact words should be enclosed in quotation marks.
2. For indirect speech, the speaker's words should be reported in the third person.
3. For direct speech, the verb should be in the present tense.
4. For indirect speech, the verb should be changed to the past tense.
5. For direct speech, the pronoun should remain the same.
6. For indirect speech, the pronoun should be changed to reflect the third person.
7. For direct speech, the time and place should remain the same.
8. For indirect speech, the time and place should be changed to reflect the current time and place.
Rules for Direct and Indirect Speech:
1. Direct Speech: Direct speech is when we quote someone's exact words, using quotation marks to indicate their speech. For example:
- She said, "I will meet you at the park."
2. Indirect Speech: Indirect speech is when we report someone's words without using their exact words. It does not use quotation marks. For example:
- She said that she would meet me at the park.
Here are some rules to follow when converting direct speech into indirect speech:
1. Reporting Verb: Use an appropriate reporting verb, such as "said," "asked," "told," etc., to introduce the indirect speech.
- For example, "She said that..."
2. Verb Tenses:
a) When converting a present tense in direct speech to indirect speech, we generally shift the verb tense back one step.
- For example, "I am happy" (direct speech) becomes "She said that she was happy" (indirect speech).
b) When converting a past tense in direct speech to indirect speech, we generally keep the same tense in the indirect speech.
- For example, "I went to the park" (direct speech) becomes "She said that she went to the park" (indirect speech).
c) When converting a future tense in direct speech to indirect speech, we generally change the tense to the conditional form.
- For example, "I will come tomorrow" (direct speech) becomes "She said that she would come the next day" (indirect speech).
3. Pronoun Changes:
a) Change the pronouns in direct speech to the corresponding pronouns in indirect speech to match the subject of the reported speech.
- For example, "He said, 'I love you'" (direct speech) becomes "He said that he loved her" (indirect speech).
b) Change the possessive pronouns, such as 'my,' 'your,' 'our,' etc., to reflect the speaker of the reported speech.
- For example, "She said, 'This is my book'" (direct speech) becomes "She said that it was her book" (indirect speech).
4. Time and Place:
a) Change the expressions of time and place to match the time and place of the reported speech.
- For example, "She said, 'I'll meet you here tomorrow'" (direct speech) becomes "She said that she would meet me there the next day" (indirect speech).
Remember, these rules may vary depending on the context and tense of the reported speech. It is important to understand the changes required in verb tense, pronouns, and expressions of time and place while converting direct speech into indirect speech.
Rules for Direct and Indirect Speech:
Direct Speech:
1. Direct speech is the exact words spoken by someone, enclosed in quotation marks.
Example: He said, "I am going to the store."
2. In direct speech, the reporting verb is used to introduce the speech and is usually followed by a comma.
Example: She exclaimed, "I can't believe it!"
3. The pronouns and adverbs are used as spoken by the speaker and should not be changed.
Example: He said, "I am going home today," (not He said that he was going home that day).
4. In direct speech, the verb tense may remain unchanged if the reporting verb is in the present or present perfect tense.
Example: She says, "I love chocolate." OR She has said, "I love chocolate."
Indirect Speech:
1. Indirect speech is reporting or paraphrasing what someone said without using their exact words. It does not use quotation marks and is often introduced by a reporting verb.
Example: He said that he was going to the store.
2. In indirect speech, the reporting verb is used to introduce the speech and is usually followed by the conjunction "that". However, in some cases, the conjunction "if" or "whether" may be used.
Example: She exclaimed that she couldn't believe it!
3. Pronouns and adverbs may need to be changed according to the rules of tense, person, and place.
Example: He said, "I am going home today," becomes He said that he was going home that day.
4. The verb tense usually undergoes a change in indirect speech. Present tenses generally change to past tenses.
Example: She says, "I love chocolate." becomes She said that she loved chocolate.
5. Time and place references may also need to be changed to match the new context of the indirect speech.
Example: He said, "I will meet you here tomorrow," becomes He said that he would meet me there the next day.
Note: In reported questions, the word order can change, and the question mark is omitted.
Example: She asked, "What are you doing?" becomes She asked what I was doing.