How has the English language been influenced by various cultures?

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The English language has been heavily influenced by various cultures throughout its history. For example, the Norman Conquest of 1066 brought French words into the English language, while the Viking invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries introduced Old Norse words. Later, the Age of Exploration and colonization of the Americas and other parts of the world brought in words from many different languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and Native American languages. Additionally, the influence of the British Empire and the spread of English as a global language has resulted in the adoption of words from many other languages, including Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, and Chinese.