Question 1: A manual contains instructions for how to build a variety of structures using a set of interlocking bricks. If this scenario is used as a model for genetic information, which statement is correct?
Answer: The manual is a chromosome
Question 2: How are chromosomes and genes alike?
Answer: They both contain genetic material
Question 3: In pea plants, the allele for round peas, R, is dominant over the allele for wrinkled peas, r. What is the phenotype of a pea plant with genotype Rr?
Answer: Round
Question 4: What determines a trait of an organism?
Answer: The combination of its alleles
Question 5: Which statement is accurate about dominant alleles?
Answer: They are expressed whenever present
Question 6: In a certain dog breed, the allele B for a black coat is dominant, and the allele b for a spotted coat is recessive. What genotypes for this dog breed would lead to a spotted phenotype?
Answer: bb
Question 7: Which statement is true of all proteins?
Answer: Their structure is related to their function
Question 8: What is the main benefit of genetic biodiversity?
Answer: Genetic biodiversity helps populations adapt to environmental changes
Question 9: Which statement is true?
Answer: Neutral mutations occur when a mutation in a DNA region results in the same sequence as the original.
Question 10: Three plants are grown in the same environmental conditions with equal sunlight, water, and space to grow. One plant grew to have a purple flower while the other two grew white flowers. What is the most likely conclusion that can be made for the change in flower color?
Answer: Genetic factors caused the differences in flower color
Question 11: A scientist sets up terrariums in a laboratory and observes the growth of lizards in each terrarium. Which of the following observations could be used as evidence that the amount of space in an environment can affect an animal's growth?
Answer: Two lizards of the same species grow to different sizes in different-sized terrariums.
Thank you, I was really falling behind and needed this
Question 1: To determine the correct answer, we need to understand the analogy being made between a manual and genetic information. In this analogy, the set of interlocking bricks represents the genetic material, and the instructions in the manual represent the sequence of genetic instructions. The genetic material is organized into structures called chromosomes, which contain genes. Therefore, the correct statement is that the manual is a chromosome.
To arrive at this answer, we need to understand that chromosomes are structures that carry genetic information in the form of genes. Genes are instructions for building and functioning of living organisms. In the analogy, the interlocking bricks represent the genetic material and the instructions in the manual represent the genes, which are organized into chromosomes.
Question 2: To determine how chromosomes and genes are alike, we need to understand their relationship and function. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA that carry genes. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building and functioning of living organisms. Therefore, both chromosomes and genes contain genetic material.
Question 3: To determine the phenotype of a pea plant with genotype Rr, we need to understand the concept of dominance in genetics. In this case, the allele for round peas (R) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled peas (r). This means that if an individual has at least one dominant allele (R), the dominant trait (round peas) will be expressed. Therefore, the phenotype of a pea plant with genotype Rr would be round.
Question 4: To determine what determines a trait of an organism, we need to understand the role of alleles in genetics. Alleles are different forms of a gene that provide the instructions for a specific trait. The combination of alleles an organism inherits from its parents determines its traits. Therefore, the combination of alleles determines a trait of an organism.
Question 5: To understand what is accurate about dominant alleles, we need to know how dominance works in genetics. Dominant alleles are expressed whenever present, meaning that even if an individual has one dominant allele and one recessive allele, the dominant trait associated with the dominant allele will be expressed. Therefore, the accurate statement about dominant alleles is that they are expressed whenever present.
Question 6: To determine the genotypes that would lead to a spotted phenotype in the given dog breed, we need to understand the concept of dominance and the genotypes associated with the phenotype. In this case, the allele for a black coat (B) is dominant over the allele for a spotted coat (b). To have a spotted phenotype, an individual must have two copies of the recessive allele (bb). Therefore, the genotypes that would lead to a spotted phenotype in this dog breed are bb.
Question 7: To determine what is true of all proteins, we need to understand their general characteristics. Proteins are complex molecules made up of amino acids. Their structure is related to their function, meaning that the specific arrangement of amino acids determines how the protein will function. Therefore, the accurate statement about all proteins is that their structure is related to their function.
Question 8: To determine the main benefit of genetic biodiversity, we need to understand the importance of genetic variation for populations. Genetic biodiversity refers to the variety of genes and alleles within a population or species. It helps populations adapt to environmental changes because it increases the likelihood that some individuals will have traits that are advantageous in a changing environment. This allows for the survival and reproduction of individuals with beneficial traits, ensuring the continuation of the population. Therefore, the main benefit of genetic biodiversity is that it helps populations adapt to environmental changes.
Question 9: To determine which statement is true, we need to understand the concept of neutral mutations and their effect on DNA. Neutral mutations occur when a mutation in a DNA region results in the same sequence as the original. In other words, there is no change in the resulting protein or trait. Therefore, the accurate statement is that neutral mutations occur when a mutation in a DNA region results in the same sequence as the original.
Question 10: To determine the most likely conclusion for the change in flower color, we need to consider the given information and the role of genetics in determining traits. The fact that one plant grew to have a purple flower while the other two grew white flowers suggests that different genetic factors are responsible for the differences in flower color. Genetic factors determine the production of pigments in flowers, which result in different colors. Therefore, the most likely conclusion is that genetic factors caused the differences in flower color.
Question 11: To determine which observation could be used as evidence that the amount of space in an environment can affect an animal's growth, we need to consider the relationship between space and growth. If two lizards of the same species grow to different sizes in different-sized terrariums, it suggests that the amount of space in the environment can affect an animal's growth. This observation shows that the availability of space can impact the growth potential of the lizards, potentially limiting their size in smaller terrariums. Therefore, this observation can be used as evidence that the amount of space in an environment can affect an animal's growth.
Question 12: What is the purpose of mitosis?
Answer: The purpose of mitosis is to produce two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Question 13: How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?
Answer: Meiosis creates genetic variation by shuffling and recombining alleles from the parent cells, resulting in genetically unique gametes.
Question 14: What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
Answer: DNA provides the instructions or code for protein synthesis by encoding specific sequences of nucleotides that correspond to different amino acids.
Question 15: What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
Answer: RNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
Question 16: How does translation convert genetic information into a protein?
Answer: During translation, the genetic information carried by mRNA is decoded by ribosomes, and the corresponding amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain to form a protein.
Question 17: What is the role of tRNA in translation?
Answer: tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes and matches them with their corresponding codons on the mRNA during translation.
Question 18: What is a mutation?
Answer: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. It can occur naturally or be caused by mutagens like radiation or chemicals.
Question 19: How do mutations contribute to genetic diversity?
Answer: Mutations introduce new genetic variations into a population by altering the DNA sequence. These changes can result in different traits, giving rise to genetic diversity.
Question 20: What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are usually simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells.