Compare and contrast Cesare Beccaria known as the father of criminology how he presents the value of necessity with the goal of happiness for guiding the criminal justice system in society ?
To compare and contrast Cesare Beccaria's views on the value of necessity and its connection to happiness in guiding the criminal justice system, we need to examine his work and analyze his ideas. Let's break it down step by step:
1. Research Beccaria's work: Gather information about Cesare Beccaria's views on the criminal justice system and his ideas about necessity and happiness. Start by looking for primary sources such as his book "On Crimes and Punishments" published in 1764.
2. Understand Beccaria's concept of necessity: In his work, Beccaria argued that the punishments imposed by the criminal justice system should be necessary. He believed that punishments should be proportionate to the severity of the crime committed, and excessive punishments should be avoided. The central idea behind the value of necessity was to prevent the usage of torture and cruel punishment, emphasizing that punishments should serve a clear and legitimate purpose.
3. Explore Beccaria's goal of happiness: Beccaria believed that the ultimate goal of the criminal justice system should be the happiness of society. He argued that this goal could be achieved by ensuring the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. He believed that through the application of just and fair punishments, the criminal justice system could deter crime and promote social harmony, which would contribute to overall happiness.
4. Find commonalities and differences: Compare and contrast how Beccaria linked the value of necessity and achieving happiness through the criminal justice system. Look for similarities in his arguments, such as the belief that just and proportionate punishments are necessary for maintaining social order and happiness. Identify differences in how Beccaria may have emphasized one aspect more than the other, or if there were any conflicting aspects between the two concepts.
5. Analyze the implications: Consider the implications of Beccaria's ideas on the criminal justice system. Evaluate how his emphasis on necessity and happiness may have influenced subsequent developments in criminology and modern criminal justice systems.
By following these steps, you can understand and compare Cesare Beccaria's views on necessity and happiness in guiding the criminal justice system, helping you answer your original question.