how would you ask “How are you” formally?

To ask "How are you?" formally, you can use the phrase "How are you?" with a polite language and tone. Here are a few examples of how you can ask this question formally:

1. "How are you doing today, sir/ma'am?"
2. "I hope you are well. How are you today?"
3. "May I inquire about your well-being? How are you feeling?"
4. "Good day! How are you today?"

Remember to adjust your tone and language based on the formality level required in the specific context.