1 an element with a small number of valence electrons and a large atomic radius
2 the group with helium at the top
3 An element will be more reactive if it has a very high or very low electronegativity
4 fluorine
5 an element with a high electronegativity and an element with a single valence electron
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1) An element with a small number of valence electrons and a large atomic radius: To find an element with a small number of valence electrons, we can refer to the periodic table. The valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom's electron configuration, which determine the element's chemical properties. As we move down a group in the periodic table, the atomic radius tends to increase since additional electron shells are being added. Therefore, an element with a small number of valence electrons and a large atomic radius can be found by looking towards the bottom left corner of the periodic table, particularly in the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals groups.
2) The group with helium at the top: Helium is located in group 18 (VIII A), which is also known as the noble gases or inert gases group. In the modern periodic table, the noble gases are placed at the top right corner of the table. So, the group with helium at the top is group 18.
3) An element will be more reactive if it has a very high or very low electronegativity: Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Generally, elements with either a very high or very low electronegativity tend to be more reactive. A high electronegativity means the atom strongly attracts electrons, making it more likely to form bonds by gaining or sharing electrons. Examples of elements with high electronegativity include fluorine and oxygen. On the other hand, elements with very low electronegativity, such as the alkali metals, have a strong tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions, making them reactive as well.
4) Fluorine: Fluorine is an element in the halogen group (group 17 or VII A) of the periodic table. It is the first element in that group and has the atomic number 9.
5) An element with a high electronegativity and an element with a single valence electron: To find an element with a high electronegativity, we can refer to the periodic table. Elements towards the top right corner of the table tend to have higher electronegativities. Examples include fluorine, oxygen, and chlorine. Additionally, an element with a single valence electron can be found in group 1 (I A) of the periodic table, which includes hydrogen and the alkali metals.