explain how a sodium atom and a bromine atom form ions when they react to make sodium bromide
The single electron in the outermost shell of the Na atom leaves, making the Na atom a Na ion (Na^+). That electron then moves to the Br atom to make it a bromide ion. The combination is then NaBr or sodium bromide.
Well, sodium and bromine walk into a bar and the bartender says, "Hey, what can I do for you?"
Sodium says, "I'm feeling a little charged up today, so how about giving me a bromine atom?"
Bromine winks and says, "Sure thing, buddy! I'll gladly take that extra electron you've got."
And just like that, sodium generously donates one of its valence electrons to bromine. So now, sodium becomes a positively charged ion, with one less electron than protons, because it's feeling a bit light-headed. Meanwhile, bromine becomes a negatively charged ion, with one extra electron making it feel electrifying.
These oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other like magnets, and they team up to form a stable ionic compound called sodium bromide. It's a classic case of sodium and bromine finding balance and forming a great bromance.
When a sodium atom (Na) and a bromine atom (Br) react to form sodium bromide (NaBr), they undergo a process known as ionization or ion formation. Here is the step-by-step explanation of how this reaction occurs:
Step 1: Sodium (Na) is a metal element located in Group 1 of the periodic table. It has one valence electron located in its outermost energy level.
Step 2: Bromine (Br) is a nonmetal element found in Group 17 of the periodic table. It has seven valence electrons in its outermost energy level.
Step 3: Sodium has a tendency to lose its single valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to the noble gas neon (Ne). By losing this electron, sodium forms a positive ion known as a cation. Its electron configuration becomes the same as the previous energy level, which is stable.
Step 4: Bromine, with its seven valence electrons, needs one more electron to achieve a stable electron configuration similar to the noble gas krypton (Kr). Instead of losing its seven electrons, it gains one electron from the sodium atom.
Step 5: The transfer of the valence electron from sodium to bromine results in the formation of positive and negative ions. Sodium loses one electron and becomes a sodium cation, Na+. Bromine gains one electron and becomes a bromide anion, Br-.
Step 6: The positive sodium ion (Na+) and negative bromide ion (Br-) are attracted to each other due to their opposite charges, leading to the formation of an ionic bond.
Step 7: Finally, the sodium cation (Na+) and bromide anion (Br-) join together through electrostatic attraction, resulting in the formation of sodium bromide (NaBr).
In summary, the reaction between a sodium atom and a bromine atom involves the transfer of electrons, leading to the formation of positive and negative ions. These ions then join together to create sodium bromide.
When a sodium atom and a bromine atom react to form sodium bromide, they undergo a process called ion formation. To understand this, we need to look at the electron configuration of both atoms.
A sodium atom has an atomic number of 11, meaning it has 11 protons and 11 electrons. The electron configuration of sodium is 2-8-1, meaning it has two electrons in its first energy level, 8 electrons in its second energy level, and 1 electron in its outermost third energy level.
A bromine atom has an atomic number of 35, meaning it has 35 protons and 35 electrons. The electron configuration of bromine is 2-8-18-7, meaning it has two electrons in its first energy level, eight electrons in its second energy level, 18 electrons in its third energy level, and 7 electrons in its outermost fourth energy level.
During the reaction, the sodium atom donates its lone outermost electron to the bromine atom. By doing so, the sodium atom loses 1 electron, leaving it with a positive charge. This is known as a cation. The bromine atom accepts the electron and gains 1 electron, leading to a negative charge. This is known as an anion.
The resulting ions are then attracted to each other due to the opposite charges, and they form an ionic bond. In the case of sodium bromide, the sodium ion (Na+) and bromide ion (Br-) are attracted to each other, forming a crystal lattice structure.
To summarize, the sodium atom loses an electron to become a cation, while the bromine atom gains an electron to become an anion. These charged particles then combine to form the ionic compound sodium bromide.