1. Place the trophic levels in order of greatest amount of energy available (bottom of the pyramid/list) to least amount of energy available (top of the pyramid/list).
WB : Tertiary Consumers, Primary Consumers, Apex predators/Quaternary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, Producers/Autotrophs
2. The diagram shows the carbon cycle. Which of the following processes is the one most impacted by humans burning fossil fuels?
A combustion
B decomposition**
C photosynthesis
D respiration
3. The flippleflopper variety of wombats has 42 chromosomes in its body (somatic) cells. How many chromosomes do you expect to see after meiosis (without any errors) in the resulting reproductive cells?
A 84
B 42
C 21**
D Impossible to determine based on the given information.
4. Plants use CO2 in the process of ___ to make ___ and oxygen. Animals use oxygen in the process of ___ and make more CO2. The ___ is the main regulator of CO2 in the atmosphere because CO2 dissolves easily in it. In the past, huge deposits of carbon were stored as dead plants and animals ___ . Today these deposits are burned as fossil fuels, which include ___ , ___ , and ___ . More CO2 is released in the atmosphere today than in the past because of ___ . Too much CO2 in the atmosphere may be responsible for the ___ effect.
WB: decayed, coal, natural gas, greenhouse, photosynthesis, glucose, oil, burning of fossil fuels, ocean, volcanoes, respiration
5. According to the diagram above, an area of the ocean has ___ producers. These producers are surface dwelling ___ that make their own food through ___ . How can 5000 ___ only support half a tuna? Energy gets used up at each level and only ___ is able to move to the next level as it is used to maintain life or given off as heat waste.
WB : autotrophs, 50%, 10%, producers, butterscotch, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, consumers, 5000
6. Which of the following is an example of how biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle, are important to sustaining life?
A Oxygen atoms are converted into carbon atoms during cellular respiration.
B The atoms in water molecules are always destroyed during a drought.
C Dead organisms and waste is recycled into usable nutrients for others or into sinks. **
D New carbon atoms are created during the carbon cycle.
7. A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?
A Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.
B Thermal energy from one process is used as the primary energy source for the other process.
C Both processes produce carbon dioxide. **
D Both processes require energy directly from the Sun.
8. Is the trait shown in the pedigree below dominant or recessive, and why?
A Dominant, because you see the trait again in the 4th generation shown.
B Recessive, because you cannot have offspring with a dominant trait when neither parent has the trait.
C Recessive, since female in the first generation has the trait. **
D Not enough information to tell
9. Photoautotrophs are able to convert inorganic materials into glucose.
In order to do this, they require which of the following:
A chlorophyll or other light absorbing pigment.
B a source of carbon dioxide and water.
C an energy source, such as the sun.
D all of the above. **
1. To place the trophic levels in order of the greatest amount of energy available to the least amount of energy available, we need to understand the flow of energy in an ecosystem. The trophic levels refer to the different positions in a food chain, with the producers at the bottom and the consumers at higher levels.
The correct order from the greatest amount of energy available to the least amount of energy available is:
1. Producers/Autotrophs (bottom of the pyramid)
2. Primary Consumers
3. Secondary Consumers
4. Tertiary Consumers
5. Apex Predators/Quaternary Consumers (top of the pyramid)
2. The carbon cycle is a process by which carbon is exchanged between different reservoirs, such as the atmosphere, plants, and the ocean. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, affecting one of the processes in the carbon cycle.
The correct answer is:
A) Combustion
3. In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in reproductive cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to body cells.
The correct answer is:
C) 21 chromosomes
4. Plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) in the process of photosynthesis to make glucose and oxygen. Animals use oxygen in the process of respiration and produce more CO2. The ocean is the main regulator of CO2 in the atmosphere because CO2 dissolves easily in it. The past saw huge deposits of carbon stored as dead plants and animals, which have now become fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and oil. The burning of these fossil fuels releases more CO2 into the atmosphere. Too much CO2 in the atmosphere may be responsible for the greenhouse effect.
The correct answer is:
Decayed, coal, natural gas, greenhouse, photosynthesis, glucose, oil, burning of fossil fuels, ocean.
5. According to the diagram, the area of the ocean has autotrophs/producers. These producers are surface-dwelling organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis. Even though there are 5000 producers, they can only support half a tuna because energy gets used up at each trophic level, and only 10% of energy is able to move to the next level as it is used to maintain life or given off as heat waste.
The correct answer is:
Autotrophs, 50%, 10%, producers, butterscotch, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, consumers, 5000
6. Biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle, are important to sustaining life because they recycle dead organisms and waste into usable nutrients for other organisms or into sinks. This recycling ensures a continuous flow of essential elements and compounds, such as carbon, in ecosystems.
The correct answer is:
C) Dead organisms and waste is recycled into usable nutrients for others or into sinks.
7. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related processes in a green plant leaf. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration is the process by which cells release energy from glucose and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. Both processes require energy, but they have opposite inputs and outputs. However, both processes produce carbon dioxide.
The correct answer is:
C) Both processes produce carbon dioxide.
8. In order to determine if a trait shown in a pedigree is dominant or recessive, we need to analyze the inheritance pattern. If a trait is dominant, it will be expressed in individuals who have at least one copy of the dominant allele. If a trait is recessive, it will only be expressed in individuals who have two copies of the recessive allele.
In the given pedigree, the female in the first generation has the trait, indicating that it is recessive. This is because both parents in the second generation do not show the trait, and yet their offspring in the third generation can have the trait. This suggests that the trait is inherited recessively.
The correct answer is:
C) Recessive, since the female in the first generation has the trait.
9. Photoautotrophs are organisms that can convert inorganic materials into glucose. In order to do this, they require the following:
- Chlorophyll or other light-absorbing pigments, which capture light energy for photosynthesis.
- A source of carbon dioxide and water, which are the raw materials for photosynthesis.
- An energy source, such as the sun, to power the photosynthesis process.
The correct answer is:
D) All of the above.