Honors Biology Semester A Practice Answers
So sorry this thing looks like a book, but it just has a lot of Q&A's. Just trying to help!
1. There are several key differences between DNA and RNA, the two main types of nucleic acid. Identify the statement below that correctly describes a difference between RNA and DNA.
Answer - Adenine binds with the nitrogen base thymine in DNA while it binds with uracil in RNA.
2. Proteins are built by bonding amino acids together using a peptide bond. Identify the two chemical groups that are bonded together in a peptide bond.
Answer - carboxyl and amino groups
3. Summarize cellular respiration. Why is it an exothermic reaction?
Answer - because it produces energy
4. You are writing a research paper on the effect of caffeine on sleep. You would like to use reliable sources when preparing your research. You decide to use a well-known, peer-reviewed scientific journal called Nature.
Answer - The information in this journal is consistently valid because the peer review helps to ensure the results are accurate.
5. A scientist is studying a new protist species that is a type of single-celled eukaryote. Using both microscope and biochemical techniques, they have determined the following movements across the cells membrane:
Answer - Biomolecule Movement #4
6. Why are proteins one of the most important materials that a cell manufactures?
Answer - because they carry out major functions in cells
7. Animal and plant cells are both eukaryotic cells, but they have evolved to solve different environmental challenges. Identify the option that correctly lists the organelles that are only seen in plant cells.
Answer - chloroplasts, cell wall, and central vacuole
8. Which statement correctly classifies cells, tissues, and organs?
Answer - Cells form tissues and tissues form organs.
9. Which organ stores bile for the digestion of fats?
Answer - gallbladder
10. Based on this passage, identify the systems that are directly involved in increasing water in the blood in response to dehydration.
Answer - nervous, endocrine, circulatory, and excretory
11. If an object reflects all the wavelengths in the visible spectrum, this object is
Answer - white
12. How does NADP+ become NADPH?
Answer - NADP+ accepts two high-energy electrons and one H+ ion.
13. Which process is performed in the absence of oxygen?
Answer - fermentation
14. Identify the anaerobic process used by animals to keep ATP production from glucose going in the absence of oxygen by regenerating the NAD+ needed for this process.
Answer - lactic acid fermentation
15. Suppose cellular respiration occurs inside an insulated, sealed container. How does the container’s inner temperature change during the reaction?
Answer - increases
16. Identify the statement below that is true about how organisms access and store the energy within these bonds.
Answer - Breaking the bonds that link the phosphate groups together in ATP releases energy for the cell to use.
17. What is the first step in protein synthesis?
Answer - DNA unzips between the base pairs.
18. Compared to the parent’s DNA sequence, identify the snail offspring that has a substitution mutation in the corkscrew shell gene.
Answer - Offspring #1
19. In E. coli cells, maltose, a type of sugar, is needed to turn on the genes that are regulated by the mal operon. This type of regulation is called
Answer - positive control.
20. If a red snapdragon is cross pollinated with a pink snapdragon, calculate the probability that the offspring will have white flowers.
Answer - 0%
21. Which viral trait is controversial?
Answer - they reproduce
22. Identify the response below that correctly identifies the basic structure of a virus.
Answer - a protein coat called a capsid surrounding nucleic acid genetic material
23. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells in the body that can become different types of cells. Identify the type of stem cell that has the ability to differentiate into any cell type.
Answer - totipotent stem cell
24. What is similar about blood cells and skin cells?
Answer - They become senescent quickly.
25. Identify the phase of mitosis during which the centromere is cut and the sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes.
Answer - anaphase
26. Which statement is accurate?
Answer - Larger cells require more controlled growth in order to prevent errors.
27. All the cells of a multicellular organism share the same DNA. However, not all cells within the organism look and behave the same way. Identify the process that changes the DNA of cells in order to make them become more specialized in structure and function.
Answer - differentiation
28. Which process occurs when the cell leaves the cell cycle but still carries out the normal functions?
Answer - senescence
29. A friend is preparing a model of mitosis for a science project. The goal of the project is to demonstrate how the cell uses mitosis to separate the DNA into the daughter cells. They have decided to only include the chromosomes in their model.
Answer - There are aspects of mitosis that would be better understood by including specific organelles.
30. Genetic variation is a strong driver of evolution in species. Organisms that use sexual reproduction have evolved a cell division process known as meiosis to increase genetic variation in their offspring.
Answer - crossing over during prophase I and independent assortment during metaphase I
31. If a viable error happens in a cell, identify the cell type that could potentially pass the viable error onto an offspring.
Answer - a sperm cell
32. If a viable error happens in a cell, identify the cell type that could potentially pass the viable error onto an offspring.
Answer - The DNA of an offspring containing a new mutation compared to the parent produces a new trait.
33. Which of the following answer choices correctly completes the statement above?
Answer - mutations; gametes; advantages
34. Identify the answer choice that correctly states the type of cells that are passed onto offspring and the process that is used to create that cell type.
Answer - gametic (sperm/egg cells) by meiosis
35. You are analyzing genetic data to determine if a trait follows a polygenic inheritance pattern. Identify the type of data you would expect from this inheritance pattern.
Answer - The offspring fall into a continuous spectrum of phenotypes.
100% Hope this helps! I'll try to get the final exam posted when I'm done!
Honors Biology Semester Exam Answers
1. Nucleotides contain sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. Which of the following is a nitrogen base?
Answer - guanine
2. The following list includes several examples of chemical groups commonly found in biomolecules. Identify the answer choice that correctly lists the chemical groups found in all 20 amino acids.
Answer - 2 and 3
3. Identify the statement below that is true about chemical reactions.
Answer - Exothermic reactions tend to release heat energy to the surrounding environment.
4. You find a blog post written by a student on a university website about photosynthesis. Assess the reliability of this source.
Answer - It may be reliable because they cited multiple high-quality studies from scientific journals.
5. The movement of water across cellular membranes from a hypotonic to hypertonic environments through aquaporins, which are channel proteins, can be defined as both
Answer - osmosis and facilitated diffusion.
6. Distinguish between smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Answer - Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface.
7. When comparing plant cells to animal cells, which organelle is only present in plant cells?
Answer - cell wall
8. Invertebrates lack which organ system?
Answer - skeletal - correct
skeletal
9. The function of the enzyme salivary amylase is to
Answer - break down starch.
10. Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the heart through veins. The heart then pumps... (continues description)Based on the above passage, identify the two body systems that interact together to achieve the described behavior.
Answer - respiratory and circulatory
11. Identify the location within a plant cell where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.
Answer - the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
12. Compare 41 Calories to 410 kcal (1 kcal = 1,000 calories).
Answer - 41 Calories is less than 410 kcal
13. Under anaerobic conditions, what is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation in the process of producing ATP?
Answer - to generate the NAD+ needed for glycolysis to extract energy from glucose
14. The energy in ATP is stored in the chemical bond to a(n)
Answer - phosphate group.
15. The mutation shown in the sequence below can be categorized as which type?
Answer - deletion mutation
16. Blood type in humans follows a multiple allele inheritance pattern. There are three alleles for blood... (continues description)A mother with type A blood has a son with type O blood. Identify the genotype that the father must have in order to produce this child.
Answer - IBi
17. Viruses that infect animals tend to be enveloped viruses. Identify the answer choice that best describes the structure of these viruses.
Answer - a nucleic acid genome surrounded by a capsid encased in a lipid membrane
18. Why are common cold viruses difficult to cure?
Answer - The viral genome mutates very quickly.
19. Identify the answer choice that correctly orders the types of cells from least to most differentiated.
Answer - totipotent stem cells → pluripotent stem cells → multipotent stem cells → neuron
20. Identify the phases of mitosis during which sister chromatids are no longer attached by a centromere.
Answer - anaphase and telophase
21. Differentiated cells in a multicellular organism tend to behave differently from stem cells. The process of differentiation alters the behavior of cells by
Answer - changing the expression of genes.
22. You need to prepare for an exam on mitosis. You search for models of mitosis to help you. What kind of model should you choose?
Answer - a model that illustrates how a cell divides into two identical cells
23. The following list of events happens during meiosis... Identify the answer choice that correctly lists the events from above that lead to new genetic combinations in the gametes.
Answer - 1 and 2
24. Identify the mutation below that would be passed on to a living, fertile offspring if it happened in a parent.
Answer - an insertion mutation in an egg cell that deactivates a gene for hair color, resulting in a viable error
25. Methylation is an example of
Answer - epigenetics
26. An scientist observes a population of cheetahs on the plains in southern Africa and noticed that cheetahs have very little genetic variation. The scientists claims that the cheetahs are susceptible to extinction as a result of climate change. What is the name of the effect the scientist observed and why is it a concern?
Answer - Bottleneck effect, because it means most cheetahs could succumb to the same environmental stresses
27. Identify the scenario that could potentially result in new combinations of DNA in the offspring of the individual.
Answer - A pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during anaphase I of meiosis.
28. Body size in mice (length from nose to base of tail) is controlled in part by genetics. The following data shows the number of mice grouped by lengths... Based on this data and your knowledge of inheritance patterns, identify the inheritance pattern that this trait follows in mice.
Answer - polygenic
100% Hope this helps. Oh btw, some people have different Q&A's for their tests and assessments. So, if I gave you a question that isn't on your test, you'll have to look around.
You are a saint! i would've gotten 6 of these wrong if it wasn't for you.
also for non-honors some questions are different:
13. Identify the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation.
Answer - lactic acid
16. A tall, heterozygous pea plant is cross-pollinated with another tall, heterozygous pea plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability that the offspring is a tall, homozygous pea plant.
Answer - 25%
17. Distinguish between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses.
Answer - The viral genome incorporates into the host genome during the lysogenic cycle.
21. The cells in your body often look different and perform different functions, but they all have the same
Answer - DNA
hope this helps non-honors :)
I meant to put "Honors Biology Semester A Exam Answers". Forgot the "A", my bad.
I love you guys
Glad you found it helpful! Here's a little joke for you: Why did the biology textbook get a bad grade? It had too many genes missing! Keep up the good work and good luck on your final exam!
Thank you for sharing the practice answers for your Honors Biology Semester A. I'm glad to see that you found the answers. It seems like you have covered a wide range of topics in biology.
If you have any specific questions or need further explanations for any of the answers, feel free to ask, and I'll be happy to assist you.