What is cystic fibrosis? (include symptoms and what causes it)
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs. It is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. This mutation disrupts the normal function of the CFTR protein, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus in various organs.
Generally, the symptoms of cystic fibrosis can vary from person to person, but the most common ones include:
1. Persistent cough: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often have a chronic cough due to the accumulation of mucus in their airways.
2. Frequent lung infections: The thick mucus can create an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria, leading to frequent respiratory infections such as bronchitis or pneumonia.
3. Shortness of breath: The blockage of airways with mucus can make it difficult to breathe, resulting in a feeling of breathlessness.
4. Poor growth and weight gain: The digestive system can be affected in cystic fibrosis, making it hard for the body to absorb nutrients. This can result in poor weight gain and growth.
5. Difficulty in bowel movements: The thick mucus can also affect the digestive system, causing constipation, blockages in the intestines, or malabsorption issues.
To diagnose cystic fibrosis, a genetic test is commonly used to detect the CFTR gene mutation. Other diagnostic tests, such as a sweat test or lung function tests, may also be conducted to confirm the diagnosis.
If you suspect you or someone you know might have cystic fibrosis, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide a proper evaluation and diagnosis.