Explain why a president might make an executive agreement rather than negotiate a formal treaty. In your answer, include one advantage and one disadvantaged of an executive agreement
A president might choose to make an executive agreement rather than negotiate a formal treaty for several reasons. The primary motive for opting for an executive agreement is the flexibility it offers compared to the more rigid process of negotiating a formal treaty.
One advantage of an executive agreement is speed and efficiency. Negotiating and ratifying a formal treaty can be a time-consuming process since it involves multiple stages, such as negotiations between countries, Senate approval, and ratification. On the other hand, an executive agreement can be reached more quickly since it only requires the consent of the president and the other country's leader or representative. This allows the president to respond promptly to urgent issues or changing circumstances.
However, one disadvantage of an executive agreement is the lack of long-term stability and permanence compared to a formal treaty. Executive agreements are generally not legally binding on future administrations, meaning that a subsequent president can choose to withdraw from or modify the agreement without seeking congressional approval. This lack of enduring commitment can lead to uncertainty and inconsistency in international relationships and can diminish the credibility of the United States in honoring its agreements.
To get the answer to this question, one can research the concept of executive agreements in international relations and examine historical examples where presidents have made these agreements. Books, articles, and scholarly papers on U.S. foreign policy and international law provide valuable insights into the motivations, advantages, and disadvantages of executive agreements. Additionally, studying the separation of powers in the U.S. Constitution and the role of the president in international diplomacy can further enhance understanding of why presidents utilize executive agreements.