The Incorporation Doctrine has been used to apply the Bill of Rights to the states and not just to the federal government. Explain how the Incorporation Doctrine serves to safeguard individual rights. Give examples of the freedoms it protects, and at least one specific example of when it has been used.

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The Incorporation Doctrine is a legal principle used in the United States to extend the protections of the Bill of Rights to the states, ensuring the safeguarding of individual rights. This doctrine guarantees that fundamental freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion, and protection from unreasonable searches and seizures, apply not only to the federal government but also to state governments. An example of the Incorporation Doctrine in action is the landmark case of Miranda v. Arizona in 1966. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that individuals must be informed of their rights, now famously known as the Miranda rights, before police interrogation. This ruling ensured that individuals in all states are protected from self-incrimination, regardless of whether they are being questioned by state or federal authorities. The Incorporation Doctrine stands as a cornerstone of the American legal system, ensuring that essential individual rights are upheld and protected by law throughout the entire United States.