What are the similarities and differences between liquid water at 100ºC and steam at 100ºC?
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To understand the similarities and differences between liquid water at 100ºC and steam at 100ºC, we need to consider their physical properties and behaviors. Let's break it down:
Similarities:
1. Both liquid water and steam at 100ºC are derived from the same substance, which is water.
2. They both exist at the same temperature, 100ºC. This is the boiling point of water at standard atmospheric pressure.
3. Both liquid water and steam at this temperature can cause burns or scalds.
Differences:
1. Physical State: Liquid water at 100ºC is in its liquid state, while steam at 100ºC is in its gaseous state. This difference in physical state is due to the energy absorbed during the boiling process.
2. Density: Liquid water is much denser than steam. Steam is composed of water vapor molecules that are spread out and have more space between them.
3. Molecular Movement: In liquid water, the water molecules are closely packed and have limited movement, sliding past each other. In steam, the water molecules have more energy and move freely, bouncing and colliding with each other.
4. Heat Transfer: Liquid water is a better conductor of heat compared to steam. This is because the densely packed molecules in liquid water can transfer heat more efficiently. In contrast, steam has lower thermal conductivity due to the molecules being spaced apart.
5. Latent Heat: To convert liquid water at 100ºC to steam at 100ºC (boiling point), a large amount of heat is required, known as the latent heat of vaporization. This heat is used to break the intermolecular bonds and convert the liquid water molecules into gaseous steam molecules.
In summary, while liquid water and steam at 100ºC are made of the same substance, water, they have distinct physical states, densities, molecular movements, heat transfer properties, and energy requirements for their transformation.