Ways of getting citizen ships?

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Ways of losing citizen ships?
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Have no idea what the dashes represent.

Form Internet:

You might lose your U.S. citizenship in specific cases, including if you: Run for public office in a foreign country (under certain conditions) Enter military service in a foreign country (under certain conditions) Apply for citizenship in a foreign country with the intention of giving up U.S. citizenship.

Get citizenship by:

Apply for permanent residency;
Obtain your green card;
Reside in the US continuously for five years;
Apply for naturalization;
Pass your English Language and Civics tests;
Attend a citizenship ceremony and take an Oath of Allegiance to the US; and
Apply for your US passport.