a.p. biology
(for the Reproduction and Development Quiz) A study of hormonal levels in males and females going through puberty was conducted. Levels of FSH and LH were measured from ages 2–18. Results are depicted in the following graphs:
Which answer describes a logical reason why LH and FSH were chosen for this study?
A. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and sex hormone production, so they play a pivotal role in puberty.
B. These hormones are only present in individuals undergoing puberty, so they provide a good indication of puberty.
C. These hormones directly cause puberty related changes.
D. These hormones are the only ones that fluctuate with puberty while other hormones are unchanged.
The graph indicates increases in both FSH and LH for males and females. However, male and female signs of puberty differ. Which of the following explains why?
A. Hormone levels increase for both of them, but LH levels increase more for males and less for females.
B. FSH and LH trigger higher testosterone production in males and higher estrogen production in females.
C. FSH and LH promote a positive feedback loop in females and a negative feedback look in males.
D. Reproductive systems of males and females have a different origin in development, and the cells within them therefore respond differently to the hormones.
If this data collection process was conducted on a daily basis, how would the data look different?
A. The male data would show daily drops in LH and FSH associated with food consumption.
B. The female data would show compensation for LH drops with increases in FSH and vice versa.
C. The male data would show higher levels of testosterone corresponding to lower levels of LH and FSH.
D. The female data would show monthly fluctuations of LH and FSH.
A. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and sex hormone production, so they play a pivotal role in puberty.
A. Hormone levels increase for both of them, but LH levels increase more for males and less for females.
B. The female data would show compensation for LH drops with increases in FSH and vice versa.
For the first question, the correct answer is A. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and sex hormone production, so they play a pivotal role in puberty. LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) are known to regulate the production of gametes (eggs and sperm) and sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone. Therefore, studying the levels of LH and FSH can provide valuable insights into the hormonal changes that occur during puberty.
For the second question, the correct answer is D. Reproductive systems of males and females have a different origin in development, and the cells within them therefore respond differently to the hormones. Even though both males and females experience an increase in LH and FSH levels during puberty, the signs of puberty differ due to the different developmental origins and responses of the cells in their respective reproductive systems.
For the third question, the correct answer is D. The female data would show monthly fluctuations of LH and FSH. In females, LH and FSH levels undergo cyclic changes throughout the menstrual cycle. These hormones peak around the middle of the cycle, followed by a decline if fertilization does not occur. Therefore, collecting data on a daily basis would reveal monthly fluctuations in LH and FSH levels in females.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.
To answer the first question, logical reasons why LH and FSH were chosen for this study include their roles in puberty and their connection to gametogenesis and sex hormone production. In order to confirm the correct answer, you can eliminate options that are incorrect or less likely.
A. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and sex hormone production, so they play a pivotal role in puberty. This statement correctly describes the roles of LH and FSH, making it a logical reason for their selection in the study.
B. These hormones are only present in individuals undergoing puberty, so they provide a good indication of puberty. This statement is not entirely accurate, as LH and FSH can be present in individuals who are not undergoing puberty.
C. These hormones directly cause puberty-related changes. While LH and FSH contribute to the hormonal changes during puberty, they are not the direct cause of all puberty-related changes.
D. These hormones are the only ones that fluctuate with puberty while other hormones are unchanged. This statement is incorrect, as other hormones also experience changes during puberty.
Therefore, the correct answer for the first question is A. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and sex hormone production, so they play a pivotal role in puberty.
For the second question, the graph indicates increases in both FSH and LH for males and females, but male and female signs of puberty differ. To determine the correct answer, let's evaluate each option:
A. Hormone levels increase for both of them, but LH levels increase more for males and less for females. This statement incorrectly suggests that LH levels increase more for males and less for females. The graph does not provide evidence to support this.
B. FSH and LH trigger higher testosterone production in males and higher estrogen production in females. This statement accurately describes how FSH and LH stimulate hormone production differently in males and females. Higher testosterone production occurs in males, while higher estrogen production occurs in females.
C. FSH and LH promote a positive feedback loop in females and a negative feedback loop in males. This statement incorrectly describes the feedback loops associated with FSH and LH in males and females.
D. Reproductive systems of males and females have a different origin in development, and the cells within them therefore respond differently to the hormones. This statement accurately explains why male and female signs of puberty differ. The developmental differences in their reproductive systems lead to different responses to the hormones.
Therefore, the correct answer for the second question is D. Reproductive systems of males and females have a different origin in development, and the cells within them therefore respond differently to the hormones.
For the third question, if the data collection process was conducted on a daily basis, we should consider the possible changes seen in the data:
A. The male data would show daily drops in LH and FSH associated with food consumption. This statement introduces a factor related to food consumption that is not mentioned in the original information. There is no evidence to support this claim.
B. The female data would show compensation for LH drops with increases in FSH and vice versa. This statement suggests that LH and FSH levels would compensate for each other's drops. While the daily fluctuations of LH and FSH levels would impact the data, there is no specific indication of a compensatory relationship between the two hormones.
C. The male data would show higher levels of testosterone corresponding to lower levels of LH and FSH. This statement incorrectly suggests that higher testosterone levels would correspond to lower levels of LH and FSH. The information does not support this relationship.
D. The female data would show monthly fluctuations of LH and FSH. This statement accurately describes how LH and FSH levels fluctuate in females on a monthly basis due to the menstrual cycle. However, this does not specifically address the daily data collection process.
Therefore, none of the provided options accurately describe how the data would look different if it was collected on a daily basis, based on the information provided.
1. A. These hormones regulate gametogenesis and sex hormone production, so they play a pivotal role in puberty.
2. B. FSH and LH trigger higher testosterone production in males and higher estrogen production in females.
3. D. The female data would show monthly fluctuations of LH and FSH.
Best of luck!