Why did the United States station American warships around Cuba in 1962?
A. Cuba had declared war against the United States in response to the Bay of Pigs.
B. The Cubans had asked for protection against a Soviet invasion.
C. Secret missile bases were discovered on the island that could reach U.S. soil.
D. Communist Fidel Castro became the new Cuban leader.
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The correct answer is C. Secret missile bases were discovered on the island that could reach U.S. soil.
To understand why the United States stationed American warships around Cuba in 1962, we need to look at the historical context. In 1959, Fidel Castro, a communist revolutionary, came to power in Cuba. His government was seen as a threat by the United States, particularly during the Cold War when tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were high.
In early October 1962, U.S. intelligence discovered that the Soviet Union had secretly placed nuclear missile bases in Cuba, capable of reaching major U.S. cities. This discovery sparked a major crisis known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba posed a direct threat to the United States, as it meant that the Soviet Union had the potential to launch a nuclear attack from a location so close to American soil.
In response, President John F. Kennedy ordered a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent additional Soviet ships from delivering weapons. The U.S. warships were tasked with enforcing the blockade and stopping any ships that attempted to breach it. This move was seen as a show of force by the United States to both the Soviet Union and Cuba, demonstrating its commitment to protect its national security and to prevent further Soviet aggression in the Western Hemisphere.
Ultimately, the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved through intense diplomatic negotiations, with the United States and the Soviet Union agreeing to remove their respective missile bases in Cuba and Turkey. This crisis was one of the closest points the world came to a nuclear war, and it highlighted the dangers of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union.