Astronomy has shown us that the Earth

A) is the only planet in the universe with a significant probability for advanced life
B) occupies a special location in the universe so that life elsewhere is unlikely
C) is the only planet in the universe with any chance for life
D) is just one planet orbiting a relatively young star in a vast universe
E) is just one planet orbiting a medium-aged star in a vast universe

To determine the correct answer, let's break down each option:

A) "Earth is the only planet in the universe with a significant probability for advanced life." This option suggests that Earth is the only planet with the potential for advanced life. To confirm or refute this statement, we would need to examine the scientific evidence gathered through various astronomical observations and studies.

B) "Earth occupies a special location in the universe so that life elsewhere is unlikely." This option suggests that Earth's position in the universe makes it unlikely for life to exist elsewhere. To evaluate this claim, we would need to analyze the data obtained from studies of other planets and astronomical phenomena.

C) "Earth is the only planet in the universe with any chance for life." This option proposes that Earth is the sole planet in the entire universe where life could potentially exist. To verify this statement, we should examine the scientific research conducted on exoplanets and the search for life beyond Earth.

D) "Earth is just one planet orbiting a relatively young star in a vast universe." This option acknowledges Earth as one of many planets orbiting a young star within a vast universe. This viewpoint aligns with current scientific understanding.

E) "Earth is just one planet orbiting a medium-aged star in a vast universe." This option describes Earth as a planet orbiting a star of medium age among the vast expanse of the universe. This perspective also corresponds to accepted scientific knowledge.

Considering the scientific consensus, option D and option E align with our current understanding of astronomy. Our observations indicate that Earth is one planet among many in the universe, orbiting a star that falls within a relatively average age range. Therefore, the correct answer would be either option D or option E.