Outline the process of how a bill passes through Congress. Include the procedure if the bill is amended after having passed either the House of Representatives or the Senate.
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Once a bill is referred to either the House or the Senate, the bill is discussed either in private or public sessions. These debates can have time limits (in the House) or no time limits (in the Senate). After formal discussion, the bill is put to a vote. If the bill passes the first house, it moves on to the next house. So, if it passes the Senate first, it would go to the House of Representatives or vice versa. If the second house passes the bill in the same form, the bill goes to the president for his/her approval; however, if the second house amends the bill in any way, it must go back to the first house that approved it for another vote. Once the bill passes both houses in the same form, it can be sent to the president for approval.
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The process of how a bill passes through Congress involves several steps. Here is an outline of the process:
1. Introduction: A bill can be introduced in either the House of Representatives or the Senate. It usually starts in the chamber where the member of Congress who sponsors the bill belongs.
2. Committee Review: The bill is then assigned to a committee where it undergoes a detailed review. The committee holds hearings, debates, and may make amendments to the bill.
3. House/Senate Floor Debate and Vote: After the committee review, the bill is presented for debate and vote in either the House or the Senate. During this stage, members of Congress discuss the bill's provisions, offer amendments, and vote on its passage.
4. Conference Committee (if applicable): If the bill passes in one chamber but is amended, it may need to go through a conference committee. The conference committee is responsible for reconciling the differences between the versions of the bill passed by both the House and the Senate.
5. Final Vote: After the conference committee, the bill returns to both the House and the Senate for a final vote. If it passes with a majority vote in both chambers, it moves forward.
6. Presidential Action: If the bill passes both the House and the Senate, it is sent to the President for approval. If the President signs the bill, it becomes law. However, if the President vetoes the bill, it goes back to Congress for a potential override vote.
7. Override Vote (if applicable): If the President vetoes the bill, Congress can attempt to override the veto by re-voting on the bill. To override a veto, a two-thirds majority vote is required in both the House and the Senate.
8. Implementation: If the bill successfully completes all the steps and is signed into law, it is then implemented by the responsible agencies and organizations.
Overall, the bill must pass through committee review, floor debates, voting in both chambers, and then receive the President's approval to become a law. If amendments are made after its initial passage, the bill may need to go through the conference committee process to reconcile the differences before the final vote.