A pulley has a mechanical advantage of 1.
What does this tell you about the size and
direction of the input and output forces?
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Pulley systems are an important part of many machines. In this
Investigation, you will be testing factors that might influence the
actual mechanical advantage of pulley systems.
A single fixed pulley, like the one in Figure 1(a), has an ideal
mechanical advantage of 1 since the effort force (120 N) is equal to
the load force (120 N). However, in the single movable pulley
(Figure 1(b)), half of the load is supported by the rope attached to
the ceiling. Th e other half is supported by the free end of the rope,
where the effort force is applied. Therefore, the effort force needed
to move the load is only one-half the load force, or 60 N. Th e
mechanical advantage of this pulley is 2. A simple way to determine
the ideal mechanical advantage to a pulley system is to count the
number of lengths of rope between pulleys that support the load.
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equal and opposite
MA of one means same force magnitude, but your pulley could change the direction
A pulley having a mechanical advantage of 1 means that the input force and output force are equal in size.
To determine the direction of the input and output forces, we need to consider the type of pulley being used. There are two types of pulleys: fixed pulleys and movable pulleys.
In the case of a fixed pulley, the direction of the input force and output force will always be the same. This is because a fixed pulley only changes the direction of the force, not the magnitude. So, if you pull downward with an input force, the output force will also be directed downward.
On the other hand, for a movable pulley, the direction of the input force and output force will be opposite. When you pull downward with an input force, the output force will be directed upward. This is because a movable pulley effectively divides the load between the input and output forces, resulting in a mechanical advantage of 2 (assuming there is no friction).