1. Which of the following layers is farthest from Earth's center?
a. outer core
b. mesosphere
c. asthenosphere
d. lithosphere
2. How do seismic waves help scientists understand Earth's layers? Select the two correct answers.
a. Scientists can observe how seismic waves change speeds when passing through different layers.
b. Scientists can generate seismic waves in order to observe their paths through Earth.
c. Scientists can observe how seismic waves multiply when passing through different layers.
d. Scientists can observe which seismic waves cannot pass through certain layers.
e. Scientists can observe which seismic waves change the composition of the layers they pass through.
3. At which continental feature would you expect to find metamorphic rock? Select the correct answer.
a. volcano
b. lake bottom
c. valley
d. mountain
4. Which of these provides evidence for how tectonic plates move?
a. earthquakes
b. mantle convection
c. ocean waves
d. hotspots
5. Wegener believed continents moved, but he did not know how. Identify what needed to happen before Wegener's idea about moving continents could be proven.
a. Wegener had to recheck his data and change his conclusions.
b. Advances in technology were needed to gather more evidence.
c. New information was needed on the composition of Earth's crust.
d. Scientists had to directly observe tectonic plate movement.
6. The age of material on a tectonic plate depends in part on what type of crust it is composed of. Ocean floorContinental crustOceanic crust tends to be younger because it is constantly recycled at the (deep sea vent, shot spots, mid-oceanic ridges). On the other hand, (ocean floor, oceanic crust, continental crust) tends to be older because it can often remain intact for longer periods.
7. At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, magma sinks (beneath, rises) from Earth’s crust, pushing the North American plate and the Eurasian plate (away from, toward each other). Because of the movement of the plates, the Atlantic Ocean continuously becomes (wider, narrower).
8. Which statement best describes how the availability of minerals affects human activity?
a. Humans tend to seek out the rarest minerals for the greatest economic benefit.
b. Humans tend to migrate toward areas with plentiful mineral resources.
c. Humans must find new mining areas in order to protect the environment.
d. Humans must depend on the mineral resources that are easy to access.
9. Why are sinkholes one major environmental risk of underground mining?
a. Underground mines are more likely to cause water pollution, which causes sinkholes.
b. Underground mines are more likely to cause erosion, which causes sinkholes.
c. Underground mines may collapse after mining is complete, which causes sinkholes.
d. Underground mines release gases, which causes sinkholes.
10. Which situations described are examples of a standards and measurements issue related to land reclamation? Select the two correct answers.
a. Monitoring of water quality at a reclaimed site shows high levels of metals, like lead, in the water.
b. Vegetation introduced to a reclaimed site is an invasive species that isn't native to the area.
c. Despite permit agreements, a mining company abandons a mine site after closure of the mine.
d. A mining company claims that protecting an endangered species should not be included in permitting.
e. The funding by a local developer to repurpose a reclamation site as a shopping center is withdrawn.
here are my answers:
1. c
2. a & c
3. a
4. a
5. c
6. ??
7. rises, away from, narrower
8. c
9. a
10. ??
huh?
6. Oceanic crust tends to be younger because it is constantly recycled at the mid-oceanic ridges. On the other hand, continental crust tends to be older because it can often remain intact for longer periods.
10. a & b
Here are the correct answers:
1. The correct answer is d. lithosphere. To determine this, we need to understand the structure of the Earth. The Earth consists of several layers, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. The lithosphere is the outermost, rigid layer that includes the Earth's crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. The other options, outer core, mesosphere, and asthenosphere, are all deeper layers beneath the lithosphere.
2. The correct answers are a. Scientists can observe how seismic waves change speeds when passing through different layers, and b. Scientists can generate seismic waves in order to observe their paths through Earth. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the Earth after an earthquake occurs. By studying seismic waves, scientists can analyze how they behave and how they interact with Earth's layers. This helps in understanding the properties and boundaries of these layers.
3. The correct answer is d. mountain. Metamorphic rock is formed through the process of metamorphism, which involves high temperatures and pressures acting on existing rock. Mountains are often formed by tectonic forces that result in intense pressure and temperature changes, making them areas where metamorphic rock can be found.
4. The correct answers are a. earthquakes and b. mantle convection. Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, which is often caused by tectonic plate movement. The study of earthquakes provides valuable information about the forces and motion of tectonic plates. Mantle convection refers to the movement of material within the Earth's mantle due to heat transfer. This process plays a significant role in the movement of tectonic plates.
5. The correct answer is b. Advances in technology were needed to gather more evidence. Before Wegener's idea of moving continents, known as continental drift, could be proven, more evidence was required. During Wegener's time, technological advancements were limited, making it difficult to gather extensive data on the movement of continents. It wasn't until later, with the development of tools like satellite imaging, GPS, and seafloor mapping, that scientists were able to accumulate sufficient evidence to support the theory of plate tectonics.
6. The correct completion for the first blank is mid-oceanic ridges. The correct completion for the second blank is continental crust. The age of oceanic crust is relatively young because it is continuously being formed at mid-oceanic ridges and then recycled back into the mantle through processes like subduction. On the other hand, continental crust tends to be older because it can remain relatively intact for longer periods of time without being recycled into the mantle through subduction.
7. The correct answers are rises and away from. At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, magma rises from Earth's crust, pushing the North American plate and the Eurasian plate away from each other. This movement of the plates results in the widening of the Atlantic Ocean.
8. The correct answer is b. Humans tend to migrate toward areas with plentiful mineral resources. The availability of minerals often plays a significant role in influencing human activity. People tend to migrate and establish settlements in areas abundant in mineral resources, as it provides economic opportunities and sustains various industries.
9. The correct answer is c. Underground mines may collapse after mining is complete, which causes sinkholes. Sinkholes are a major environmental risk associated with underground mining. When mines are excavated underground, the extraction of minerals can lead to subsidence and the collapse of the surrounding rock layers, which can result in sinkholes.
10. The correct answers are a. Monitoring of water quality at a reclaimed site shows high levels of metals, like lead, in the water, and b. Vegetation introduced to a reclaimed site is an invasive species that isn't native to the area. Land reclamation refers to the process of restoring and repurposing land that has been disturbed or used for industrial activities. Issues related to standards and measurements in land reclamation may include monitoring water quality for contamination concerns and ensuring the use of appropriate vegetation that is native to the area rather than introducing invasive species. The other options mentioned are not directly related to standards and measurements in land reclamation.