The force between two charges Q and q is 3.1 × 10−8 N when the two charges are separated by 3.0 m. Using the formula F = kQq / R2 determine the force (F) when the separation (R) between two charges Q and q is increased from 3.0 m to 4.5 m.

To find the force (F) when the separation (R) between two charges Q and q is increased from 3.0 m to 4.5 m, we can use the given formula:

F = kQq / R^2

First, let's find the value of k. The value of k is Coulomb's constant and is equal to 8.99 × 10^9 Nm^2/C^2.

Now we can calculate the force (F) for the new separation of 4.5 m:

F = (kQq) / (R^2)
= (8.99 × 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) × (Qq) / (4.5 m)^2

To proceed further, we need to know the values of charges Q and q.

Please provide the values of the charges Q and q, and then I can help you calculate the force for the new separation.