You are provided with water and laboratory apparatus. Describe how you would fully separate solid lead2 carbonate from a mixture oflead2 carbonate, iron fillings and sodium carbonate
I don't intend to write this out in detail for you but I will provide enough information for you to do so.
Iron is magnetic and can be separated with a magnet.
Sodium carbonate is soluble in water.
Lead(II) is not soluble in water.
I shall be happy to critique your procedure.
To fully separate solid lead(II) carbonate from a mixture of lead(II) carbonate, iron fillings, and sodium carbonate using water and laboratory apparatus, you can follow the steps below:
1. Set up a beaker or a large glass container on a stable surface in the laboratory.
2. Transfer the entire mixture of lead(II) carbonate, iron fillings, and sodium carbonate into the beaker.
3. Add a sufficient amount of water to the beaker to fully submerge the mixture.
4. Stir the mixture vigorously using a glass rod or a stir bar to ensure proper mixing of the components.
5. As a result of stirring, the iron fillings will start to react with water and oxygen in the air, causing rusting. This reaction will not involve the lead(II) carbonate and sodium carbonate, allowing them to remain unchanged.
6. After stirring for a few minutes, stop stirring and let the beaker sit undisturbed for some time. This will allow the heavier rusted iron fillings to settle down at the bottom of the beaker.
7. Carefully decant the liquid from the beaker into another container, leaving the settled rust (iron hydroxide) behind.
8. Use a filtration set up, such as a filter funnel with filter paper or a Buchner funnel connected to a vacuum pump, to separate the lead(II) carbonate and sodium carbonate from the liquid. Pour the liquid into the filter and collect the filtrate.
9. The solid left on the filter paper will mainly be lead(II) carbonate, while sodium carbonate will be dissolved in the filtrate. Allow the solid on the filter paper to dry completely.
10. Once the solid on the filter paper is dry, carefully scrape it off and collect it in a labeled container. This collected solid is the pure lead(II) carbonate that you initially wanted to separate.
11. The collected filtrate contains the dissolved sodium carbonate. If desired, you can further separate sodium carbonate from the remaining liquid by performing other laboratory techniques like evaporation or crystallization.
By following these steps, you will be able to fully separate solid lead(II) carbonate from a mixture of lead(II) carbonate, iron fillings, and sodium carbonate using water and laboratory apparatus.
To fully separate solid lead carbonate from a mixture of lead carbonate, iron fillings, and sodium carbonate, you can use a process called filtration.
Here's a step-by-step guide on how to perform the separation:
1. Start by setting up a filtration apparatus. You will need a filter paper, a funnel, and a filter flask. Place the filter paper inside the funnel and set up the funnel on top of the filter flask.
2. Carefully pour the mixture of lead carbonate, iron fillings, and sodium carbonate into the funnel. The solid lead carbonate is insoluble in water and will remain on the filter paper while the other substances pass through.
3. The liquid that passes through the filter paper will contain the soluble sodium carbonate, so set the filtered solution aside for the time being. We will come back to it later.
4. Once the filtration is complete and the solid lead carbonate is trapped on the filter paper, remove the solid from the filter paper and transfer it to a clean, dry container. This is your separated solid lead carbonate.
5. Now, let's focus on the filtered solution that contains the dissolved sodium carbonate. You can remove the water from the solution by using a process called evaporation. Pour the filtered solution into a shallow dish or container and heat it gently. As the water evaporates, the sodium carbonate will start to crystallize.
6. Once all the water has evaporated, you will be left with the separated sodium carbonate crystals.
It's important to note that this separation method works because lead carbonate is insoluble in water, while both iron fillings and sodium carbonate are soluble. Thus, filtration allows us to physically separate the solid lead carbonate from the rest of the mixture, and evaporation helps separate the dissolved sodium carbonate from the water.