Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes
A) is associated with a deficiency of pancreatic β-cells.
B) is associated with a deficiency of insulin receptors.
C) is associated with a deficiency of signal transduction
D) can be treated with injections of leptin.
E) can be treated with injections of ghrelin
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The correct answer is A) Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes is associated with a deficiency of pancreatic β-cells.
To understand why this is the correct answer, let's break down the options and explain how to arrive at the answer:
A) Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes is a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to a deficiency of pancreatic β-cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. Without enough insulin, the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels.
B) A deficiency of insulin receptors is more commonly associated with insulin resistance, which is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the body still produces insulin, but the cells of the body become less responsive to its effects.
C) A deficiency of signal transduction is not a primary cause of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is primarily an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly targets and destroys the β-cells.
D) and E) Leptin and ghrelin are hormones involved in regulating appetite and energy balance, but they do not directly play a role in the treatment or management of type 1 diabetes. Insulin replacement therapy, either through injections or an insulin pump, is the mainstay treatment for type 1 diabetes.
To summarize, type 1 diabetes is associated with a deficiency of pancreatic β-cells, making option A the correct answer.