11) T/F. Friedrich Froebel originated the first kindergarten in Germany.

12) T/F. Group-administered standardized tests are recommended once children are in 1st grade.
13) T/F. How a child feels about himself/herself is reflected in his/her behavior.
14) T/F. In America, Margaret McMillan started the first nursery school.
15) T/F. Letter grades and scores should not be used until after 3rd grade.
16) T/F. One of the greatest benefits of free play or self-directed, self-discovery play, is that it allows children the opportunity of making choices for themselves, and of having some control over their learning and activity.
17)One of the most long-term, significant happenings of the 1970's was the
A- Education for All Handicapped Children Act.
B-establishment of the Children's Defense Fund.
C-release of the report, A Nation at Risk.
D-establishment of Head Start.
18)T/F. Parents should not be used on policy planning boards or committees.
19) T/F. Pestalozzi emphasized the importance of individual differences.
20) T/F. Play is most valuable when teachers plan, define, shape and carry out children's play activities.

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11) T

12) T
13) T
14) T
15) F
16) F
17) A
18) F
19) F
20) T

What is it about these questions that you don't understand?

Three of the first five of your answers are wrong.

11) To determine whether Friedrich Froebel originated the first kindergarten in Germany, you can research the history of early childhood education. Begin by searching for information on Froebel and his contributions to education. Look for reliable sources such as scholarly articles, books, or educational websites. Pay attention to historical timelines and events related to kindergarten's establishment. By examining multiple sources, you can gather evidence to support or refute the statement.

12) To determine whether group-administered standardized tests are recommended once children are in 1st grade, you can explore educational guidelines and expert opinions. Begin by consulting reputable educational organizations, such as the National Education Association (NEA) or the American Psychological Association (APA), which often provide recommendations for testing and assessment practices. Review scholarly articles or educational research papers discussing the appropriate age and type of assessments for young children. Analyze different perspectives and consider the advantages and disadvantages of standardized testing at early grades.

13) To understand the relationship between a child's self-perception and their behavior, you can explore psychological theories and research in child development. Begin by familiarizing yourself with key theories on self-esteem and self-concept, such as those proposed by Erik Erikson or Lev Vygotsky. Look for studies that examine the impact of self-perception on behavior in children. Academic journals in psychology and education often publish research articles on this topic. By reading and analyzing these sources, you can gain a deeper understanding of how a child's self-perception influences their behavior.

14) To determine if Margaret McMillan started the first nursery school in America, you can research the history of nursery schools and early childhood education in the United States. Look for reliable sources that discuss the pioneers of early education in America. Books, biographies, or scholarly articles may provide information on the establishment of the first nursery school. Pay attention to the historical context and any notable figures mentioned in relation to nursery schools. By examining multiple sources, you can gather evidence to support or refute the statement.

15) To understand whether letter grades and scores should be used before 3rd grade, you can explore educational research and expert opinions. Begin by reviewing studies on the impact of grading and assessment on young children's learning and motivation. Look for educational guidelines or recommendations from reliable sources such as educational associations or academic institutions. Consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of implementing grades and scores at an early age. By examining diverse perspectives, you can form a well-informed understanding of the topic.

16) To appreciate the benefits of free play or self-directed, self-discovery play, you can explore research and theories in the field of early childhood education. Start by reading about prominent theorists like Jean Piaget or Lev Vygotsky, who have studied the importance of play in children's development. Look for scholarly articles or books that discuss the benefits of play-based learning and the role it plays in fostering independence and decision-making skills. By exploring various sources, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of the benefits associated with free play.

17) The given question does not provide enough information to determine the correct answer. You may need to provide additional context or clarify the intended time frame or significance of the mentioned events.

18) To evaluate whether parents should be involved in policy planning boards or committees, you can explore educational policies, research, and expert opinions. Begin by examining guidelines or recommendations from educational associations or organizations, such as the National Parent Teacher Association (PTA) or respected research institutes in education. Look for scholarly articles or books that discuss the role of parental involvement in shaping educational policies. By analyzing diverse perspectives and considering the potential benefits and challenges, you can form an informed understanding of the topic.

19) To determine whether Pestalozzi emphasized the importance of individual differences, you can research the life and work of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. Look for primary sources, such as Pestalozzi's writings or letters, to understand his beliefs and educational philosophy. Additionally, consult reputable educational historians or scholarly articles that discuss Pestalozzi's contributions in the field of education. By examining reliable sources, you can gather evidence to support or refute the statement.

20) To understand the value of play, especially when it comes to teachers' involvement in planning and shaping children's play activities, you can explore educational theories and expert opinions. Begin by studying prominent theories on play-based learning, such as those proposed by Maria Montessori or Lev Vygotsky. Look for scholarly articles or books that discuss the role of teachers in facilitating play and the benefits of intentional play-based activities. By examining multiple perspectives and research findings, you can develop a comprehensive understanding of the topic.